Morphology of peripheral airways in current smokers and ex-smokers

To investigate the effect of smoking status on pulmonary function and pathologic changes in the peripheral airways, we studied 97 patients who underwent thoracotomy for coin lesions. The patients were divided into 4 groups: nonsmokers (n = 9), current smokers (n = 51), and those who had ceased smoking for less than (n = 18) or more than (n = 19) 2 yr prior to surgery. We found that current smokers had evidence of air-flow obstruction with abnormal lung volumes when compared with nonsmokers. Ex-smokers had lung volumes similar to those of nonsmokers, but showed evidence of obstruction, with the FEV1/FVC between the values found for nonsmokers and current smokers. Examination of the small airways showed that the membranous bronchioles of current smokers and ex-smokers displayed only increased goblet cell metaplasia when compared with those in nonsmokers; the respiratory bronchioles of current and ex-smokers showed increases in intraluminal and airway wall inflammatory cells, wall fibrosis, and pigment deposition. We conclude that patients who currently smoke cigarettes have reduced lung function that is associated with abnormalities of airway structure. Although those who have stopped smoking have function that is closer to the nonsmoking group, there is no apparent difference in structural change between current and ex-smokers.     

High-Power 1.3-μm Quantum-Dot Superluminescent Light-Emitting Diode Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

In this letter, we demonstrate the improved performance of 1.3-mum seven-layered InAs-GaAs quantum-dot superluminescent light-emitting diodes by the engineering of the epitaxial growth conditions alone, namely the thickness of the low-temperature GaAs spacer layer between quantum-dot layers. For laser devices, a significant reduction in threshold current density and increase in external efficiency is observed, while for superluminescent diode structures, a ~4 fold increase in CW power at a given drive current is obtained     

The relationship of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder to juvenile delinquency: legal implications

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD) are both disorders of childhood and adolescence that all too frequently extend into adulthood. But just what is the relationship between these two disorders? This study explores the overlap between these two disorders as they relate to juvenile delinquency; both are significant risk factors for the development of antisocial behavior. But there is more significance to the presence or absence of ADHD or CD in later antisocial behavior. Higher levels of defiant and/or aggressive behavior lead to antisocial acts as compared with lower levels of defiance and antisocial acts. Boys diagnosed with ADHD have higher felony rates than normal control boys, yet ADHD is not nearly as strong a predictor of offending behavior as is CD in study subjects. The presence of both CD and ADHD contributes to illegal behavior, and it is likely that early intervention in both disorders will reduce the prevalence of antisocial behavior.     

离退休人员门诊规范化服务

该文对微机械气流式水平姿态传感器敏感机理进行了三维的有限元分析.利用ANSYS-FLOTRAN CFD软件,通过建模、划分网格、加载和求解等途径,计算了微机械气流式水平姿态传感器敏感元件密闭腔体中气流速度在不同倾斜状态下的分布.阐明微机械气流式水平姿态传感器的敏感机理,为气流式水平姿态传感器的优化设计开辟了更精确的研究途径.     

LED照明亮度控制新技术特征与应用

随着LED应用的不断增加,大功率LED的驱动控制日显重要。本文分析介绍了LED照明亮度控制的新技术特征与应用。     

国内外通用型金属封闭开关设备技术动态（二）

本文介绍了通型金属封闭开关设备的上总体水平,目前产品的结构与特点,国内产品的自行才引进以及今后产品的发展前景。     

DK5-1600智能型低压真空断路器

DK5－1600智能型低压真空断路器是联合开发的新产品。本文介绍该产品的适用范围、结构、原理、特点、基本参数和技术性能及主要应用。