Vacuum degassing of chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel at the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Combine

The Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Combine has conducted a study of the effect of technological factors on the hydrogen content of chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel after vacuum degassing. It was established that the most important factor is the hydrogen content of the steel before the degassing operation. The study also determined the effects of the circulation coefficient, the duration of the degassing operation, and the vacuum used in the treatment. __________ Translated from Metallurg, No. 7, pp. 68–69, July, 2006.     

Sensor guided handling and assembly of active micro-systems

Positioning accuracies in the range of a few micrometers and below are necessary for the assembly of active micro-systems. In order to reach these accuracies, an assembly system for sensor guided micro-assembly is developed in the Collaborative Research Centre 516 “Design and manufacturing of active micro-systems”. The combination of a parallel robot with an integrated 3D vision sensor and a micro-gripper enables to reach relative positioning accuracies below 1 μm.     

Assessing the Market Stability of Chemical Industry Enterprises

Breakdown of a company is examined and the concept of its stability is given. A system of indexes for characterizing the market position of an enterprise in the chemical industry and predicting its dynamics is proposed. An integral index can be an effective tool in the hands of managers in making managerial decisions related to effectively reacting to changes in the company's market position.     

Comparison of Two Statistical Models for the Calculation of Collisions of Particles in Isotropic Turbulence

Two models are given for determining the collision rate of inertial particles in a homogeneous isotropic turbulence. The advantages and disadvantages of the known models of particle collisions are discussed. One of the models suggested by us is based on the assumption that the joint probability density function of gas and particle velocities is a Gaussian distribution. The second model follows from the kinetic equation for the probability density of the relative velocity of two particles. These two models are compared with each other and with the available data of direct numerical simulation.     

基于交会图和多元统计法的神经网络技术在火山岩识别中的应用

针对火山岩储层的特殊性(复杂性、离散性和随机性),应用BP神经网络技术对火山岩测井解释中岩性识别问题进行了研究。该方法的技术关键是样本集和初始权重的建立,以及模型的优选。本文提出了一种基于交会图和多元统计法的学习样本生成方法,即根据取心岩样的地球化学和岩石学研究,用交会图技术建立样本集,采用聚类分析和距离判别法确定初始权重。将研究方法应用在松辽盆地杏山地区火山岩岩性识别问题中,取得了很好的效果,岩性解释符合率高于90%。文中通过四种岩性识别处理模式的对比研究,表明赋权重处理模式为最优处理模型。在神经网络模型预测过程中,需充分利用已有的地质经验和测井曲线信息建立典型可靠的样本文件,同时考虑神经网络方法中各种因素的影响,优选模型和计算参数才能使预测结果符合实际情况。     

Untersuchung der Verteilung und Intensität filamentierter Barrierenplasmen für die Behandlung von Oberflächen

The application of barrier discharges at atmospheric pressure in air expands on the market of plasma technology, because it is an ecological and cost‐effective alternative to other processes of surface treatment. These plasmas usually consist of a multitude of spatially and temporally localized filaments, whose distribution should be as even as possible for homogeneous treatment. This holds especially for the plasma treatment of sensitive goods such as wool or other textiles. In equipment for continuous pass of material the barrier arrangements often consist of a system cylinder – cylinder or cylinder – plane, whereby the gap width changes locally. Space distribution and intensity of filaments has been investigated by means of short‐time photography and spatially resolved measurement of current distribution and energy distribution derived from it. The local dependency found can be explained by means of a capacitive equivalent circuit.     

An Integrated Approach to Thermal Management in High-Level Synthesis

Thermal effects are becoming an important factor in the design of integrated circuits due to the adverse impact of temperature on performance, reliability, leakage, and chip packaging costs. Making all phases of the design flow aware of this physical phenomenon helps in reaching faster design closure. In this paper, we present an integrated approach to thermal management in architectural synthesis. Our synthesis flow combines temperature-aware scheduling and binding based on feedback from thermal simulation. We show that our flow is effective in preventing hotspot formation and creating an even thermal profile of the resources. Our integrated thermal management technique on average reduces the peak temperature of the resources by 7.34 degC when compared to a thermal unaware flow without increasing the number of resources across our set of benchmarks     

Selection of structural parameters of a cylindrical-conical hydrocyclone for separation of suspensions by dual-stage flotation

A mathematical model for separation of suspensions with a non-Newtonian disperse medium by dual-stage pressurized flotation in a cylindrical-conical hydrocyclone is developed. A system of differential equations of the convective diffusion and movement of a complex of particles-bubbles is solved by a numerical method. The concentration field is modeled, and integral separation indicators are determined. Values of structural parameters of the hydrocyclone for which the separation indicators depend heavily on the taper angle of the conical section of the housing and the rheological properties of the disperse medium are established. It is demonstrated that dual-stage pressurized flotation makes it possible to reduce considerably the residual concentration of solid-phase particles as compared with single-stage flotation.     

On the effects of the packet size distribution on the packet loss process

Real-time multimedia applications have to use forward error correction (FEC) anderror concealment techniques to cope with losses in today’s best-effort Internet. The efficiency of these solutions is known however to depend on the correlation between losses in the media stream. In this paper we investigate how the packet size distribution affects the packet loss process, that is, the distribution of the number of lost packets in a block, the related FEC performance and the average loss run length. We present mathematical models for the loss process of the MMPP+M/D/1/K and the MMPP+M/M/1/K queues; we validate the models via simulations, and compare the results to simulation results with an MPEG-4 coded video trace. We conclude that the deterministic packet size distribution (PSD) not only results in lower stationary loss probability than the exponential one, but also gives a less correlated loss process, both at a particular average link load and at a particular stationary loss probability as seen by the media stream.Our results show that for applications that can only measure the packet loss probability, the effects of the PSD on FEC performance are higher in access networks, where a single multimedia stream might affect the multiplexing behavior. Our results show that the effects of the PSD on FEC performance are higher in access networks, where a single multimedia stream might affect the multiplexing behavior and thus can improve the queuing performance by decreasing the variance of its PSD.     

A multigrid accelerated hybrid unstructured mesh method for 3D compressible turbulent flow

 A cell vertex finite volume method for the solution of steady compressible turbulent flow problems on unstructured hybrid meshes of tetrahedra, prisms, pyramids and hexahedra is described. These hybrid meshes are constructed by firstly discretising the computational domain using tetrahedral elements and then by merging certain tetrahedra. A one equation turbulence model is employed and the solution of the steady flow equations is obtained by explicit relaxation. The solution process is accelerated by the addition of a multigrid method, in which the coarse meshes are generated by agglomeration, and by parallelisation. The approach is shown to be effective for the simulation of a number of 3D flows of current practical interest. Sponsored by The Research Council of Norway, project number 125676/410 Dedicated to the memory of Prof. Mike Crisfield, a respected colleague