High-temperature measurements of lattice parameters and internal stresses of a creep-deformed monocrystalline nickel-base superalloy

High-temperature X-ray line profile measurements were performed to maximal temperatures of 1050 °C on samples of the nickel-base superalloy SRR 99. The samples with rod axes near the [001] direction were investigated in the initially undeformed state and after creep deformation at different temperatures and stresses. For the measurements of the (002) and (020) line profiles, a special X-ray double crystal diffractometer with negligible line broadening was used which was equipped with a high-temperature vacuum chamber. The line profiles were evaluated for the lattice parameters of the matrix phase γ and the precipitated γ′ phase and for values of the lattice mismatch parallel and perpendicular to the stress axis, respectively, which were found to be different. Elastic, tetragonal distortions of the phases γ and γ′ could be determined between room temperature and about 900 °C. These distortions are thermally induced due to the different thermal expansion coefficients of the two phases and deformation induced due to interfacial dislocation networks which were built up during deformation. At the high temperatures of the X-ray measurements, at least partial recovery of the deformation-induced internal stresses occurred, depending on the temperature of the X-ray measurements. The results are discussed and compared with data obtained by complementary techniques.     

The analyst's role in healing: Psychoanalysis-plus.

We argue that the original structuring of psychoanalytic treatment is based upon an unsound foundation. The questions we raise about the bases of early treatment make understandable the subsequent evolution of substantial changes, and make plausible our recommendation of still further changes. We propose that the nuanced use of techniques of explicit support, consolation, suggestion, persuasion, and advice, all used in healing across many ages and societies, be added to traditional psychoanalytic treatment. These techniques are inconsistent with the analyst's neutrality, a fundamental characteristic of the analyst's stance in the original model. The demonstration that the analyst's own values, beliefs, expectations, and theories profoundly influence all of the analyst's interventions leads us to reconsider the concept of neutrality. The possible risks associated with using these recommended explicit techniques mandate that their use requires the same discriminating judgment as is used to determine whether and when an interpretation is presented. Whether use of these additional techniques, which we have termed "psychoanalysis-plus," will enhance treatment effectiveness is an empirical, not a theoretical, question. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

两种弹簧钢在线热处理后的冲击韧性研究

对５４ＳｉＣｒ６和５４ＳｉＣｒＶ６两种弹簧钢进行了在线感应调质处理，并研究了回火温度、实验温度等对冲击韧性的影响，对螺旋弹簧用线材在线热处理工艺的开发和应用具有一定的指导意义。     

Process steps for the preparation of purified fractions of alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin from whey protein concentrates.

Fractions enriched with alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-la) and beta-lactoglobulin (beta-lg) were produced by a process comprising the following successive steps: clarification-defatting of whey protein concentrate, precipitation of alpha-lactalbumin, separation of soluble beta-lactoglobulin, washing the precipitate, solubilization of the precipitate, concentration and purification of alpha-la. The present study evaluated the performance of the process, firstly on a laboratory scale with acid whey and then on a pilot scale with Gouda cheese whey. In both cases soluble beta-lg was separated from the precipitate using diafiltration or microfiltration and the purities of alpha-la and beta-lg were in the range 52-83 and 85-94% respectively. The purity of the beta-lg fraction was higher using acid whey, which does not contain caseinomacropeptide, than using sweet whey. With the pilot scale plant, the recoveries (6% for alpha-la; 51% for beta-lg) were disappointing, but ways of improving each step in the process are discussed.     

Coating of untreated polypropylene with halogen free aqueous materials

Substrates made out of polypropylene (PP) or it’s blends with ethylene-propylene rubbers (PP-EPR) which are typically used for exterior automotive parts are either pretreated before they are coated or the primary coating layer consists of or at least comprises a chlorinated polyolefin (CPO) as an adhesion promoter — most often applied as an organic solution. The presentation describes the approaches for the development of a halogen free aqueous adhesion promoter.

While chemical bonding via catalytic oxidation of the unactivated C---H bonds as well as via insertion of a nitrene into the C---H bonds proved to be ineffective, excellent adhesive strengths similar to those known from the state-of-art could be obtained via physical interactions with polyacrylic grafted polyolefins which have been applied as aqueous dispersions.

The correlation of adhesive strengths with process parameters and analytical results obtained from model systems leads to the assumption that the adhesion is effected by amphiphilic polymers interacting with the outermost polypropylene at the surface rather than by penetrating deeply into the substrate.     

建立一个简单的互补式脉冲发生器

当建立推挽开关电源转换器或电机控制器时，经常需要交错式脉冲，它们之间有少量的死区时间，以尽可能减小输出开关器件的同时导通。开关控制器IC拥有这种特性，但它们一般采用闭环工作．以减少IC管脚数。在对开关输出级作优化时．可能需要开环控制。图1表示出如何只用两只常见IC来建立这样一个发生器。额外的好处在于．可以同时使用重叠的P沟道驱动和非重叠的N沟道驱动。