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91.
Harlow Iain M.; MacKenzie Graham; Donaldson David I. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2010,36(6):1381
Episodic recognition memory is mediated by functionally separable retrieval processes, notably familiarity (a general sense of prior exposure) and recollection (the retrieval of contextual details), whose relative engagement depends partly on the nature of the information being retrieved. Currently, the specific contribution of familiarity to associative recognition memory (where retrieval of the relationships between pairs of stimuli is required) is not clearly understood. In this study, we tested domain dichotomy theory, which predicts that familiarity should contribute more to associative memory when stimuli are similar (within-domain) than when they are distinct (between-domain). Participants studied stimulus pairs, and at test, discriminated intact from rearranged pairs. Stimuli were either within-domain (name–name or image–image pairs) or between-domain (name–image pairs). Across experiments we used 2 different behavioral measures of familiarity based on receiver operating characteristic curves and a modified remember–know procedure. Both experiments provided evidence that familiarity can contribute to associative recognition; however, familiarity was stronger for between-domain pairs, in direct contrast to the domain dichotomy prediction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
92.
Muriel Watt Robert Passey Iain MacGill 《The International journal of environmental studies》2013,70(6):777-790
Australia has had an active photovoltaic device research and development program for the past 30 years, with more sporadic interest shown in photovoltaic systems, components and markets. Exciting new developments continue to come out of Australian research laboratories, yet many are commercialized elsewhere and local deployment now lags behind that of many other countries. This paper examines past achievements, current research activities, research support and the potential for PV to contribute to future energy supply in Australia. It also examines some of the institutional and energy policy issues which provide the framework for continued development and increased deployment of photovoltaics in Australia. 相似文献
93.
White Certificate schemes are currently being implemented or proposed in a growing number of jurisdictions as a means to drive greater energy efficiency uptake. After briefly discussing some of the strengths and weaknesses of such schemes, this paper outlines a proposed alternative approach—the use of Energy Sales Targets. This approach essentially involves the imposition of a cap on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with annual energy sales and, in its simplest version, requires no tradeable certificates or permits. The proposed approach creates a clear measurable link between how compliance is enforced (the retailers’ targets) and the desired outcomes of the scheme (measurable reductions in GHG emissions). This drives physical additionality of the scheme, including negation of any rebound effect within the covered sectors. It also avoids the need to define the activities eligible to create certificates, and likewise, no deeming, auditing, monitoring or verification would be required by government beyond ensuring retailer compliance—significantly reducing administration costs. There does not appear to be a clear precedent for this type of scheme anywhere in the world, and so this paper should be seen as a preliminary scoping of options that are deserving of more in-depth assessment. 相似文献
94.
Maximilian Moser Johannes Gladisch Sarbani Ghosh Tania Cecilia Hidalgo James F. Ponder Jr. Rajendar Sheelamanthula Quentin Thiburce Nicola Gasparini Andrew Wadsworth Alberto Salleo Sahika Inal Magnus Berggren Igor Zozoulenko Eleni Stavrinidou Iain McCulloch 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(26):2100723
Electrochemically induced volume changes in organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) are particularly important for their use in dynamic microfiltration systems, biomedical machinery, and electronic devices. Although significant advances have been made to maximize the dimensional changes that can be accomplished by OMIECs, there is currently limited understanding of how changes in their molecular structures impact their underpinning fundamental processes and their performance in electronic devices. Herein, a series of ethylene glycol functionalized conjugated polymers is synthesized, and their electromechanical properties are evaluated through a combined approach of experimental measurements and molecular dynamics simulations. As demonstrated, alterations in the molecular structure of OMIECs impact numerous processes occurring during their electrochemical swelling, with sidechain length shortening decreasing the number of incorporated water molecules, reducing the generated void volumes and promoting the OMIECs to undergo different phase transitions. Ultimately, the impact of these combined molecular processes is assessed in organic electrochemical transistors, revealing that careful balancing of these phenomena is required to maximize device performance. 相似文献
95.
Valentina Aina Loredana Bergandi Gigliola Lusvardi Gianluca Malavasi Flora E. Imrie Iain R. Gibson Giuseppina Cerrato Dario Ghigo 《Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications》2013,33(3):1132-1142
A series of Sr-substituted hydroxyapatites (HA), of general formula Ca(10 ? x)Srx(PO4)6(OH)2, where x = 2 and 4, were synthesized by solid state methods and characterized extensively. The reactivity of these materials in cell culture medium was evaluated, and the behavior towards MG-63 osteoblast cells (in terms of cytotoxicity and proliferation assays) was studied. Future in vivo studies will give further insights into the behavior of the materials.A paper by Lagergren et al. (1975), concerning Sr-substituted HA prepared by a solid state method, reports that the presence of Sr in the apatite composition strongly influences the apatite diffraction patterns. Zeglinsky et al. (2012) investigated Sr-substituted HA by ab initio methods and Rietveld analyses and reported changes in the HA unit cell volume and shape due to the Sr addition.To further clarify the role played by the addition of Sr on the physico-chemical properties of these materials we prepared Sr-substituted HA compositions by a solid state method, using different reagents, thermal treatments and a multi-technique approach. Our results indicated that the introduction of Sr at the levels considered here does influence the structure of HA. There is also evidence of a decrease in the crystallinity degree of the materials upon Sr addition. The introduction of increasing amounts of Sr into the HA composition causes a decrease in the specific surface area and an enrichment of Sr-apatite phase at the surface of the samples. Bioactivity tests show that the presence of Sr causes changes in particle size and/or morphology during soaking in MEM solution; on the contrary the morphology of pure HA does not change after 14 days of reaction. The presence of Sr, as Sr-substituted HA and SrCl2, in cultures of human MG-63 osteoblasts did not produce any cytotoxic effect. In fact, Sr-substituted HA increased the proliferation of osteoblast cells and enhanced cell differentiation: Sr in HA has a positive effect on MG-63 cells. In contrast, Sr ions alone, at the concentrations released by Sr-HA (1.21–3.24 ppm), influenced neither cell proliferation nor differentiation. Thus the positive effects of Sr in Sr-HA materials are probably due to the co-action of other ions such as Ca and P. 相似文献
96.
Use of Modern Processors in Safety-Critical Applications 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
97.
Numerous academic and industrial estimates place the cost of future mass-produced small stationary fuel cell systems at around $1000 per kW, which compares well with targets set by agencies such as the US Department of Energy. Actual sale prices do not fit so neatly with these targets, and are currently 25–50 times higher even though mass production began three years ago. 相似文献
98.
The Discovery of Potent Nonstructural Protein 5A (NS5A) Inhibitors with a Unique Resistance Profile—Part 2
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Florian Wakenhut Thien Duc Tran Dr. Chris Pickford Stephen Shaw Dr. Mike Westby Caroline Smith‐Burchnell Lesa Watson Michael Paradowski Dr. Jared Milbank David Stonehouse Dr. Kathy Cheung Dr. Robert Wybrow Dr. Felice Daverio Dr. Samuel Crook Keith Statham Dr. David Leese Dr. Darren Stead Fiona Adam Duncan Hay Dr. Lee R. Roberts Jean‐Yves Chiva Carly Nichols Dr. David C. Blakemore Gilles H. Goetz Dr. Ye Che Iain Gardner Satish Dayal Dr. Andrew Pike Rob Webster Dr. David C. Pryde 《ChemMedChem》2014,9(7):1387-1396
In ongoing studies towards novel hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapeutics, inhibitors of nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) were evaluated. Specifically, starting from previously reported lead compounds, peripheral substitution patterns of a series of biaryl‐linked pyrrolidine NS5A replication complex inhibitors were probed and structure–activity relationships were elucidated. Using molecular modelling and a supercritical fluid chromatographic (SFC) technique, intramolecular H‐bonding and peripheral functional group topology were evaluated as key determinants of activity and membrane permeability. The novel compounds exhibited retained potency as compared with the lead compounds, and also showed promising results against a panel of resistance viruses. Together, the results of the study take us a step closer towards understanding the potency of daclatasvir, a clinical candidate upon which the compounds were based, and to designing improved analogues as second‐generation antiviral agents targeting NS5A. 相似文献
99.
McCulloch I Bailey C Genevicius K Heeney M Shkunov M Sparrowe D Tierney S Zhang W Baldwin R Kreouzis T Andreasen JW Breiby DW Nielsen MM 《Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences》2006,364(1847):2779-2787
Organic electronics technology, in which at least the semiconducting component of the integrated circuit is an organic material, offers the potential for fabrication of electronic products by low-cost printing technologies, such as ink jet, gravure offset lithography and flexography. The products will typically be of lower performance than those using the present state of the art single crystal or polysilicon transistors, but comparable to amorphous silicon. A range of prototypes are under development, including rollable electrophoretic displays, active matrix liquid crystal (LC) displays, flexible organic light emitting diode displays, low frequency radio frequency identification tag and other low performance electronics. Organic semiconductors that offer both electrical performance and stability with respect to storage and operation under ambient conditions are required. This work describes the development of reactive mesogen semiconductors, which form large crosslinked LC domains on polymerization within mesophases. These crosslinked domains offer mechanical stability and are inert to solvent exposure in further processing steps. Reactive mesogens containing conjugated aromatic cores, designed to facilitate charge transport and provide good oxidative stability, were prepared and their liquid crystalline properties evaluated. The organization and alignment of the mesogens, both before and after crosslinking, were probed by grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering of thin films. Both time-of-flight and field effect transistor devices were prepared and their electrical characterization reported. 相似文献
100.
Mark P. Robbins Geraint Evans John Valentine Iain S. Donnison Gordon G. Allison 《Progress in Energy and Combustion Science》2012
Currently, significant academic and industrial activity is focused on sourcing feed stocks from non-food biomass crops for the sustainable production of energy, power and chemical products. Crops identified as suitable for Northern Europe include Miscanthus, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) and short rotation coppice willow and poplar (Salix and Populus spp.). All of these crops provide biomass that is amenable for conversion by thermochemical processes i.e. those based on heat and pressure. There are concerns that for some processes the conversion efficiency of biomass is poor compared with coal and oil due to comparatively low energy density, high moisture content, and poor storage and handling properties. Many of these parameters can be improved by pre-processing feed stock materials prior to their conversion. We examine the energy crop species that are suitable for Northern Europe; discuss the processes of combustion, gasification and pyrolysis, and explore how differences in chemical composition influence conversion efficiency. Finally, we review biomass upgrading (pelletisation, torrefaction and treatment with sub-critical (hydrothermal upgrading) and with supercritical water). 相似文献