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11.
Neung‐Ju Lee Ja‐Chul Koo Sung‐Suk Ju Seong‐Bae Moon Won‐Jei Cho In‐Cheol Jeong Song‐Jae Lee Moo‐Youn Cho Emmanuel A Theodorakis 《Polymer International》2002,51(7):569-576
The attachment of anticancer agents to polymers is a promising approach towards reducing the toxic side‐effects and retaining the potent antitumour activity of these agents. A new tetrahydrophthalimido monomer containing 5‐fluorouracil (ETPFU) and its homopolymer and copolymers with acrylic acid (AA) and with vinyl acetate (VAc) have been synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. The ETPFU contents in poly(ETPFU‐co‐AA) and poly(ETPFU‐co‐VAc) obtained by elemental analysis were 21 mol% and 20 mol%, respectively. The average molecular weights of the polymers determined by gel permeation chromatography were as follows: Mn = 8900 g mol?1, Mw = 13 300 g mol?1, Mw/Mn = 1.5 for poly(ETPFU); Mn = 13 500 g mol?1, Mw = 16 600 g mol?1, Mw/Mn = 1.2 for poly(ETPFU‐co‐AA); Mn = 8300 g mol?1, Mw = 11 600 g mol?1, Mw/Mn = 1.4 poly(ETPFU‐co‐VAc). The in vitro cytotoxicity of the compounds against FM3A and U937 cancer cell lines increased in the following order: ETPFU > 5‐FU > poly(ETPFU) > poly(ETPFU‐co‐AA) > poly(ETPFU‐co‐VAc). The in vivo antitumour activities of all the polymers in Balb/C mice bearing the sarcoma 180 tumour cell line were greater than those of 5‐FU and monomer at the highest dose (800 mg kg?1). © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
12.
A poly(perfluoroalkylethyl methacrylate) and a series of poly(n-alkyl methacrylate)s such as poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(ethyl methacrylate), and poly(n-butyl methacrylate) were prepared and used to investigate the surface properties of polymer mixtures containing a fluorinated homopolymer and a nonfluorinated homopolymer and the effect of the side-chain length of poly(n-alkyl methacrylate) on the surface free energy for the polymer mixtures. Contact angles were measured for the surfaces of polymer mixtures by varying the concentration of poly(perfluoroalkylethyl methacrylate). From the contact angle data, it can be inferred that most of the poly(perfluoroalkylethyl methacrylate) added to poly(n-alkyl methacrylate)s is located in the outermost layer of polymer-mixture surface. Surface free energies for the outermost surfaces of polymer mixtures were calculated from the contact angle data using Owen and Wendt's equation. The decrease in the surface free energy for the polymer mixture with the poly(perfluoroalkylethyl methacrylate) addition is more pronounced as the side-chain length of poly(n-alkyl methacrylate) decreases. Due to the steric effect of the side chain of poly(n-alkyl methacrylate), the arrangement of the perfluoroalkylethyl group of poly(perfluoroalkylethyl methacrylate) to the air side is considerably hindered. The ESCA analysis of atomic compositions of the surface for the polymer mixture verified that poly(perfluoroalkylethyl methacrylate) is preferentially arranged and concentrates at the polymer mixture–air interface. The results of functional group compositions obtained by ESCA showed that the functional group composition of CF3 for the outermost layer has a more important effect on the surface free energy than that of CF2 and confirmed the hindrance of the arrangement of perfluoroalkylethyl group to the air side by the side chain of poly(n-alkyl methacrylate). © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
13.
Multifunctional monomers, m‐xylylenedimaleimide, p‐phenylenedimaleimide, m‐phenylenedimaleimide, and p‐phenylenedinadimide, all of which have maleimide groups, were synthesized to increase thermal and radiation stabilities. The synthesized multifunctional monomers showed good compatibility with low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). Mixtures of LDPE and these multifunctional monomers were irradiated with γ‐rays from a Co‐60 source at room temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere. The absorbed dose ranged from 0 to 160 KGy. Among these multifunctional monomers, m‐xylylenedimaleimide was the best in gel fraction enhancement. Crosslinked LDPE with m‐xylylenedimaleimide displayed a higher modulus than that of crosslinked LDPE with triallyl cyanurate. For the elongation property, LDPE with m‐xylylenedimaleimide as a multifunctional monomer showed better results than that with commercial multifunctional monomers such as triallyl cyanurate (TAC) and trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 2339–2345, 2003 相似文献
14.
Soap‐free emulsion copolymerization of perfluoroalkyl acrylate (FA)/methyl methacrylate (MMA)/n‐butyl acrylate (n‐BA) was carried out in the presence of sodium 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methyl propanesulfonate (AMPSNa) as a reactive surfactant and potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator. An analysis of the effects of concentration of AMPSNa, KPS, FA as well as polymerization temperature on the kinetic features (rate of polymerization) and colloidal characteristics (mean particle diameter, particle disperse index, particle numbers, and surface charge density) was followed. NMR, FTIR, AFM, and fluorine‐selective electrode analysis were used to characterize the composition and morphology of the FA copolymers. Both AFM analysis and contact angle measurements strongly implied that the fluorinated segments migrated to the outmost surface and created films with lower surface energy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2438–2444, 2007 相似文献
15.
The dynamical behavior of polymers with molecular weight distribution is analyzed from the standpoint of reptation and tube
renewal. In a binary blend where the entanglements between longer chains are prominent, the shorter chain relaxes only by
reptation, whereas the longer chain shows more complex behavior, i.e., reptation in the original tube, short-range tube renewal
causing the tube enlargement, and thereafter reptation again in the expanded tube. Dynamic moduli data from literature are
used for determining the compositional dependence of the relaxation times. Also on the basis of the relaxation mechanism considered
here, the critical composition due to the onset of entanglements between different longer chains is proposed as a function
of their component molecular weighl ratio. 相似文献
16.
Summary A confined stiff chain model is suggested for the prediction of the rotational diffusion coefficient of a rigid rodlike polymer with a slight flexibility above the region of dilute solution (c1/L3). It shows a fairly good agreement with the experimental data of various polymers. Among them, PBLG and PBT with more rigidity are more consistent with the model when the log-jamming effect is considered. The predicted rotational diffusivity shows approximately the inverse seventh-power of length, which is less than 9 of Doi-Edwards tube model, but larger than the experimental value 5.7 of M-virus, while it shows the inverse power of concentration is a little larger than the value 2 of tube model except for the rodlike virus M-13. 相似文献
17.
Polypropylene (PP)/layered silicate nanocomposites were prepared via simple melt mixing of three components, PP, layered silicates modified with octadecylamine (C18-MMT) and antioxidant, to investigate the role of antioxidant. TEM and X-ray scattering results confirmed the intercalated state of silicates in PP/layered silicate nanocomposites with antioxidant. In rheological and mechanical study, the nanocomposites with antioxidant showed higher properties than those of the unfilled PP. The nanocomposite with 5 wt% C18-MMT and 0.5 phr antioxidant exhibited about 1.4 times higher tensile modulus and 1.3 times higher storage modulus than the unfilled PP. However, PP/C18-MMT without antioxidant showed lower rheological values owing to the thermal decomposition of PP and the poor compatibility between PP and C18-MMT. It could be concluded that antioxidants played an important role in enhancing the compatibility between PP and C18-MMT. According to the real time X-ray diffraction, the nanocomposite showed the weak ordering of PP crystals than the unfilled PP in the load-extension plateau region of elongation. 相似文献
18.
Kee Man LeeTae Kwon Kim Won Jin KimSeung Gon Kim Jeong Park Sang In Keel 《Fuel》2002,81(17):2249-2255
A visualization study on the effect of forcing amplitude in tone-excited jet diffusion flames has been conducted. Visualization techniques are employed using optical schemes, which are a light scattering photography. Flame stability curve is attained according to Reynolds number and forcing amplitude at a fuel tube resonant frequency. Flame behavior is globally grouped into two from attached flame to blown-out flame according to forcing amplitude; one sticks the tradition flame behavior which has been observed in general jet diffusion flames and the other shows a variety of flame modes such as the flame of a feeble forcing amplitude where traditionally well-organized vortex motion evolves, a fat flame, an elongated flame, and an in-burning flame. Particular attention is focused on an elongation flame, which is associated with a turnabout phenomenon of vortex motion, and on a reversal of the direction of vortex roll-up. It is found that the flame length with forcing amplitude is the direct outcome of the evolution process of the formed inner flow structure. Especially the negative part of the acoustic cycle under the influence of a strong positive pressure gradient causes the shapes of the fuel stem and fuel branch part and even the direction of vortex roll-up to dramatically change. 相似文献
19.
In Yang Monlin Kuo Deland J. Myers 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2006,83(3):239-245
Chromated copper arsenate (CCA), an arsenicbased wood preservative, is toxic to human health and the environment. Although
CCA is stable in seasoned wood, there are potential dangers during CCA manufacture, lumber treatment, and waste disposal.
This research was conducted to study the effectiveness of soy products to replace toxic chromium and arsenic compounds in
wood preservative formulations. Three soy product (Arpro 2100, HM 90, and Supro 760) were used as fixative agents in preservative
solutions containing anhydrous CuSO4 and Na2B4O7·10H2O. The decay resistance of treated wood blocks was measured by a soil-block culture method. Despite the large molecular sizes
of copper-protein and copper-boron-protein complexes, southern pine sapwood was treatable with these preservative formulations.
Wood samples treated with >6 kg°m−3 CuSO4 and 7.5 kg·m−3 soy product, and subsequently leached for 3 d and exposed to the decay fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum (Fr.) Mur., sustained only 0.5% weight loss over 12 wk. Wood samples needed 40 kg·m−3 CuSO4 and 50 kg·m−3 soy protein to resist the copper-tolerant decay fungus Postia placenta (Fr.) M. Lars. & Lomb. These results suggest that soy-based wood preservatives can prevent wood products from fungal attack
and can replace CCA. 相似文献
20.
In Gwun Jang Kyung-Soo Kim Byung Man Kwak 《Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization》2014,50(3):505-515
The Mobile Harbor (MH) has been recently proposed as a novel maritime cargo transfer system that can move to a container ship anchored in the deep sea and handle containers directly at sea with the aid of a stabilized MH crane. Because this system operates under at-sea conditions, the MH crane must be designed to support an inertia load and wind force, as well as its self-weight. The wave-induced motions of the MH, e.g. rolling, pitching, and heaving, generate a significant amount of inertia load, which has not been considered in the design of conventional quayside cranes installed on stable ground. Wind force is also a critical design factor due to the higher wind velocity in the open sea. In addition to the aforementioned structural rigidity, mass minimization is also important in the structural design of MH cranes because it reduces the overturning moment and therefore enhances ship stability. In this paper, the sensitivities of the design-dependent loads (i.e. self-weight, inertia load, and wind force) are derived with respect to the design variables, and then a topology optimization is conducted with the derived sensitivities in order to obtain a conceptual design. Then, the conceptual design is elaborated into a three-dimensional basic design through shape optimization with design regulations for offshore cranes. Through the integrated design process with the topology and shape optimizations, a conceptual and basic design is successfully obtained for the MH crane. 相似文献