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101.
Thomas Schulz Timmy Reimann Arne Bochmann Andre Vogel Beate Capraro Björn Mieller Steffen Teichert Jörg Töpfer 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2018,38(4):1600-1607
The sintering behavior and the thermoelectric performance of Ca3Co4O9 multilayer laminates were studied, and a multilayer thermoelectric generator was fabricated. Compacts and multilayer samples with anisotropic microstructure and residual porosity were obtained after conventional sintering at 920 °C, whereas dense and isotropic multilayer samples were prepared by firing at 1200 °C and reoxidation at 900 °C. A hot-pressed sample has a dense and anisotropic microstructure. Samples sintered at 920 °C exhibit low electrical conductivity due to the low density, whereas the Seebeck coefficient is not sensitive to preparation conditions. However, thermal conductivity of multilayers is very low, and, hence acceptable ZT values are obtained. A transversal multilayer thermoelectric generator (TMLTEG) was fabricated by stacking layers of Ca3Co4O9 green tapes, AgPd conductor printing, and co-firing at 920 °C. The TMLTEG has a power output of 3 mW at ΔT = 200 K in the temperature interval of 25 °C to 300 °C. 相似文献
102.
Desislava Bögner Frederike Schmachtl Björn Mayr Christopher P. Franz Sabine Strieben Gregor Jaehne 《臭氧:科学与工程》2019,41(2):105-117
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) reduce water consumption by efficient filtration to maintain appropriate levels of accumulating compounds and sludge. Sludge is mechanically separated by drum filters and disposed of to the detriment of overall system water budgets. Dissolved nitrogen compounds are reduced via nitrification–denitrification filters, requiring commercial external carbon sources. The reuse of sludge after ozone pre-treatment may represent the next step in RAS optimization. The present study analyzes the content of sludge from RAS and tests ozonation as a pre-treatment for recycling as carbon source. The dissociative effect of ozone and the physicochemical changes due to ozonation lead to a significant increase in soluble carbon availability. Predominantly long-chain fatty acid (FA) (saturated and unsaturated) with 16 and 18 carbon atoms independently of the treatment were found in the profiles. Saturated FA concentrations in solution increased after 20, 40, and 60 min ozonation. The solid content of the sludge was practically unaffected by ozonation in terms of FA profile: only saturated FA slightly increases after 40 min treatment. The implications of these findings for denitrifying bacteria are discussed.
Abbreviations: Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS); Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) 相似文献
103.
Dr. Alexander Fries Dr. Laura S. Mazzaferro Dr. Björn Grüning Dr. Philippe Bisel Karin Stibal Patrick C. F. Buchholz Prof. Dr. Jürgen Pleiss Prof. Dr. Georg A. Sprenger Prof. Dr. Michael Müller 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2019,20(13):1672-1677
Chorismate and isochorismate constitute branch-point intermediates in the biosynthesis of many aromatic metabolites in microorganisms and plants. To obtain unnatural compounds, we modified the route to menaquinone in Escherichia coli. We propose a model for the binding of isochorismate to the active site of MenD ((1R,2S, 5S,6S)-2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxycyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate (SEPHCHC) synthase) that explains the outcome of the native reaction with α-ketoglutarate. We have rationally designed variants of MenD for the conversion of several isochorismate analogues. The double-variant Asn117Arg–Leu478Thr preferentially converts (5S,6S)-5,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylate (2,3-trans-CHD), the hydrolysis product of isochorismate, with a >70-fold higher ratio than that for the wild type. The single-variant Arg107Ile uses (5S,6S)-6-amino-5-hydroxycyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylate (2,3-trans-CHA) as substrate with >6-fold conversion compared to wild-type MenD. The novel compounds have been made accessible in vivo (up to 5.3 g L−1). Unexpectedly, as the identified residues such as Arg107 are highly conserved (>94 %), some of the designed variations can be found in wild-type SEPHCHC synthases from other bacteria (Arg107Lys, 0.3 %). This raises the question for the possible natural occurrence of as yet unexplored branches of the shikimate pathway. 相似文献
104.
Cathrine D. Christiansen Kaspar K. Nielsen Rajendra K. Bordia Rasmus Bjørk 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2019,102(10):5796-5806
Freeze-casting is a technique used to produce structures with anisotropic porosity in the form of well-defined microchannels throughout a sample. Here, this technique is used on the magnetocaloric ceramic La0.66Ca0.26Sr0.07 Mn1.05O3. We show that a dynamic freezing profile, where the temperature is decreased continuously at −10 K/min, results in homogeneous, lamellar channels with widths of ∼15 µm, while static freezing, where the temperature is kept constant at 177 K, results in channels of increasing size away from the initial ice crystal nucleation site. The effect of gelation before freeze-casting is also investigated. Gelation inhibits ice crystal growth, which significantly changes the morphology by making channel cross sections less elongated, while additionally introducing more dendrites and ceramic bridges in the structure. The latter significantly dominates the flow path through the gelated structures, affecting the calculated tortuosity, which increases to τ ≈ 4 when compared to non-gelated samples where calculated tortuosities are in the range of ∼1.3 to ∼3. Finally, we present a systematic and automatic approach for evaluating channel and wall sizes and calculating tortuosities. This is based on analysis of images obtained by scanning electron microscopy using a continuous particle size distribution method and the TauFactor application in MATLAB®. 相似文献
105.
Soodkhet Pojprapai Zhenhua Luo Bj?rn Clausen Sven C. Vogel Donald W. Brown Jennifer Russel Mark Hoffman 《Acta Materialia》2010,58(6):1897-1908
The performance of ferroelectric ceramics is governed by the ability of domains to switch. A decrease in the switching ability can lead to degradation of the materials and failure of ferroelectric devices. In this work the dynamic properties of domain reorientation are studied. In situ time-of-flight neutron diffraction is used to probe the evolution of ferroelastic domain texture under mechanical cyclic loading in bulk lead zirconate titanate ceramics. The high sensitivity of neutron diffraction to lattice strain is exploited to precisely analyze the change of domain texture and strain through a full-pattern Rietveld method. These results are then used to construct a viscoelastic model, which explains the correlation between macroscopic phenomena (i.e. creep and recovered deformation) and microscopic dynamic behavior (i.e. ferroelastic switching, lattice strain). 相似文献
106.
南阳石蜡精细化工厂气体分馏装置采取了几项节能技术改进:回收除盐水,增加加热水渗线,控制液化气C2含量,使用高速泵及变频器等,几年的运行情况表明,这些措施安全可靠,操作方便,减少了装置的水、电、蒸汽消耗。 相似文献
107.
弥散相对铝合金冷轧过程中晶粒分裂和织构演变的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
制备了2种含有相近合金元素含量但不同的弥散第二相密度的铝锰合金冷轧板材。利用背散射电子衍射和取向成像图技术研究了晶粒分裂和微观织构,使用X射线衍射技术测量了宏观织构。研究发现当应变达到3左右时,高密度的小尺寸弥散相会促进铜型和S型织构的形成,同时增加了大角晶界所占比例。在小应变下,弥散相对织构和大角晶界的影响不显著。研究显示弥散相通过钉扎晶界从而促进织构演化,进而影响晶粒分裂和大角晶界的形成。 相似文献
108.
Xueyuan ZhangWenle He Inger Odnevall Wallinder Jinshan PanChristofer Leygraf 《Corrosion Science》2002,44(9):2131-2151
Instantaneous corrosion rates of naturally patinated copper of varying age (16 months, 138 and 145 years) have been determined during continuous rain events in the laboratory with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy using a two-electrode cell. The two-electrode cell was found to yield the same information in bulk rainwater as a conventional three-electrode cell.Relatively constant corrosion rates, between 0.2 and 0.6 μm/y, were determined for samples having a two-layer structure with an inner brownish layer of cuprous oxide and an outer greenish layer of basic copper salts (138, 145 years). Samples with cuprous oxide as the dominating phase of the patina (16 months) showed higher and somewhat increasing corrosion rates during a rain event (from 0.6 to 1.2 μm/y). During a continuous rain event, corrosion rates were found to be approximately 10 (brownish patina) and 25 times (greenish patina) lower than corresponding instantaneous runoff rates. The first flush phenomena of the runoff process, with an increased concentration during first flush and a relatively constant concentration during steady state, was indirectly seen as an increase in solution conductivity during the first rain volume followed by relative constant value. The contribution of the concentration in the first flush to the total annual runoff rate was significant for panels having a greenish layer (138, 145 years) whereas it was negligible for panels having a brownish layer (16 months). 相似文献
109.
Björn Crüts Ludo van Etten Håkan Törnqvist Anders Blomberg Thomas Sandström Nicholas L Mills Paul JA Borm 《Particle and fibre toxicology》2008,5(1):4
Background
Ambient particulate matter and nanoparticles have been shown to translocate to the brain, and potentially influence the central nervous system. No data are available whether this may lead to functional changes in the brain. 相似文献110.
Ashish Bhakoo Geoffrey C. Bond Robert D. Rees Björn Sauerhammer Adrian O. Taylor Ian York 《Catalysis Letters》1999,57(1-2):55-60
Monolayers of bismuth molybdates supported on low-area TiO2 (anatase) catalyse the oxidation/isomerisation of 1-butene to butadiene and 2-butenes with combined selectivities of 80–100%
and show significantly lower specific rates of deep oxidation than does
-Bi2Mo3O12. As loadings are increased above 2 wt% (equivalent to one monolayer), selectivities remain high and, although the butadiene
yields are generally only moderate, in some cases they exceed that shown by the unsupported
-phase.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献