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71.
Frédéric Bossard Isabelle Pillin Thierry Aubry Yves Grohens 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2008,48(9):1862-1870
Linear viscoelastic, steady shear behaviors, and morphologies of starch formate/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) blends, compatibilized by oligomers and obtained by reactive extrusion, have been investigated as a function of formic acid (FA)/starch ratio, nature, and molecular weight of the oligomer. The rheological properties of these blends have been compared with those of a commercial starch-based thermoplastic, namely Mater-Bi® ZF03UA. In presence of FA, starch is destructured to starch formate and oligomers are used as plasticizers. The linear viscoelastic response of blends is quite similar to that of nanocomposite materials: the low frequency behavior is attributed to a percolated network of destructured starch particles, and the high frequency behavior is that of the polymer matrix. The viscosity curve presents a profile characterized by two plateau regions, at low and high shear rates. The plateau region at low shear rates corresponds to the viscous response of the blend while that observed at high shear rates can be attributed to the PCL matrix. The compatibilization is enhanced in the presence of starch formate and increases with increasing the oligomer molecular weight. The use of PCL oligomer was shown to improve this compatibilization effect. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers 相似文献
72.
Blandine Ponsard Isabelle Durot Philippe Delerive Fabien Oudot Catherine Cordelet Alain Grynberg Pierre Athias 《Lipids》1999,34(5):457-466
The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether the beneficial effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)
may influence ischemia-reperfusion-induced alterations of myocardial α- and β-adrenoceptor (α-AR, β-AR) responsiveness. This
study was carried out using monolayer cultures of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes in a substrate-free, hypoxia-reoxygenation
model of ischemia. The cardiomyocytes (CM) were incubated during 4 days in media enriched either with n−6 PUFA (arachidonic
acid, AA) or with n−3 PUFA (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA, and docosahexaenoic acid, DHA). The n−6/n−3 ratio in n−3 CM was close
to 1.2, compared to 20.1 in n−6 CM. The contractile parameters of n−6 CM and n−3 CM were similar in basal conditions as well
as during hypoxia and reoxygenation. In basal conditions, the phospholipid (PL) enrichment with long chain n−3 PUFA resulted
in an increased chronotropic response to isoproterenol (ISO) and to phenylephrine (PHE). After posthypoxic reoxygenation,
the chronotropic response to β-AR activation in n−6 CM was significantly enhanced as compared with the control response in
normoxia. In opposition, the ISO-induced rise in frequency in n−3 CM in control normoxia and after reoxygenation was similar.
In these n−3 CM, the changes in contractile parameters, which accompanied the chronotropic response, were also similar in
reoxygenation and in normoxic periods, although the rise in shortening velocity was slightly increased after reoxygenation.
In response to PHE addition, only the chronotropic effect of n−6 CM appeared significantly enhanced after hypoxic treatment.
These results suggested that increasing n−3 PUFA in PL reduced the increase in α- and β-AR functional responses observed after
hypoxia-reoxygenation. This effect may partly account for the assumed cardiac protective effect of n−3 PUFA, through the attenuation
of the functional response to catecholamines in the ischemic myocardium. 相似文献
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75.
Nadhir Gourine Mohamed Yousfi Isabelle Bombarda Boubakeur Nadjemi Emile Gaydou 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2010,87(2):157-166
The composition and antioxidant activities of Pistacia atlantica Desf. essential oil were investigated. Qualitative and quantitative differences in compositions and in antioxidant activities of male and female leaf essential oils were observed during the season. The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation were analysed by GC and GC–MS. The oils were rich in monoterpenes hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The main components of male essential oil were α-pinene/α-thujene, spathulenol and bicyclogermacrene. The major component of female essential oil was δ-3-carene. The seasonal variation showed that most of the main components of the oils reached theirs highest values in September. The antioxidant activity of the oil was investigated in vitro using two assays: DPPH· (2,2-di-phenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical-scavenging and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power). The highest antioxidant capacity to scavenge free DPPH radicals was reached in the month of June for male oils and during the months of September–October for the female oils. The high reducing power for male oil was observed during the month of June and for the female oil it was in August. The female oil was more active than the male oil. The antioxidant capacity of the female oil was almost ten times higher than Ascorbic acid in the FRAP assay. 相似文献
76.
Cécile Bize Muriel Blanzat Isabelle Rico-Lattes 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2010,13(4):465-473
Like other amphiphilic compounds, bolaforms do not always possess surfactant properties; it depends on the spacer chain length and the nature of the polar head group (both sufficiently hydrophobic or hydrophilic, respectively, to intensify the amphiphilic properties). In this regard, unsymmetrical bolaamphiphiles bearing a sugar polar head group and a carboxylic acid function at the opposite ends of a hydrophobic binding spacer were synthesized. These biocompatible sugar-derived bolaforms were associated with basic fatty amines, by an acid–base reaction, to obtain catanionic mixtures. Associations with 1,7-lactobionamidoheptanoic acid and decylamine or octylamine spontaneously form stable 200–600 nm vesicles. This new type of association may find an application in drug delivery since catanionic vesicles can transport active substances inside the hydrophilic core, as well as hydrophobic drugs within the bilayer. 相似文献
77.
Vronique Gasser Laurianne Kuhn Thibaut Hubert Laurent Aussel Philippe Hammann Isabelle J. Schalk 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(6)
Bacteria access iron, a key nutrient, by producing siderophores or using siderophores produced by other microorganisms. The pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces two siderophores but is also able to pirate enterobactin (ENT), the siderophore produced by Escherichia coli. ENT-Fe complexes are imported across the outer membrane of P. aeruginosa by the two outer membrane transporters PfeA and PirA. Iron is released from ENT in the P. aeruginosa periplasm by hydrolysis of ENT by the esterase PfeE. We show here that pfeE gene deletion renders P. aeruginosa unable to grow in the presence of ENT because it is unable to access iron via this siderophore. Two-species co-cultures under iron-restricted conditions show that P. aeruginosa strongly represses the growth of E. coli as long it is able to produce its own siderophores. Both strains are present in similar proportions in the culture as long as the siderophore-deficient P. aeruginosa strain is able to use ENT produced by E. coli to access iron. If pfeE is deleted, E. coli has the upper hand in the culture and P. aeruginosa growth is repressed. Overall, these data show that PfeE is the Achilles’ heel of P. aeruginosa in communities with bacteria producing ENT. 相似文献
78.
Julien Orlans Carole Vincent-Monegat Isabelle Rahioui Catherine Sivignon Agata Butryn Laurent Soulre Anna Zaidman-Remy Allen M. Orville Abdelaziz Heddi Pierre Aller Pedro Da Silva 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(9)
Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are ubiquitous among animals and play pivotal functions in insect immunity. Non-catalytic PGRPs are involved in the activation of immune pathways by binding to the peptidoglycan (PGN), whereas amidase PGRPs are capable of cleaving the PGN into non-immunogenic compounds. Drosophila PGRP-LB belongs to the amidase PGRPs and downregulates the immune deficiency (IMD) pathway by cleaving meso-2,6-diaminopimelic (meso-DAP or DAP)-type PGN. While the recognition process is well analyzed for the non-catalytic PGRPs, little is known about the enzymatic mechanism for the amidase PGRPs, despite their essential function in immune homeostasis. Here, we analyzed the specific activity of different isoforms of Drosophila PGRP-LB towards various PGN substrates to understand their specificity and role in Drosophila immunity. We show that these isoforms have similar activity towards the different compounds. To analyze the mechanism of the amidase activity, we performed site directed mutagenesis and solved the X-ray structures of wild-type Drosophila PGRP-LB and its mutants, with one of these structures presenting a protein complexed with the tracheal cytotoxin (TCT), a muropeptide derived from the PGN. Only the Y78F mutation abolished the PGN cleavage while other mutations reduced the activity solely. Together, our findings suggest the dynamic role of the residue Y78 in the amidase mechanism by nucleophilic attack through a water molecule to the carbonyl group of the amide function destabilized by Zn2+. 相似文献
79.
Vasily Smirnov Olivier Grunewald Jean Muller Christina Zeitz Carolin D. Obermaier Aurore Devos Valrie Pelletier Batrice Bocquet Camille Andrieu Jean-Louis Bacquet Elodie Lebredonchel Saddek Mohand-Saïd Sabine Defoort-Dhellemmes Jos-Alain Sahel Hlne Dollfus Xavier Zanlonghi Isabelle Audo Isabelle Meunier Elise Boulanger-Scemama Claire-Marie Dhaenens 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(12)
Variants of the TTLL5 gene, which encodes tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family member five, are a rare cause of cone dystrophy (COD) or cone-rod dystrophy (CORD). To date, only a few TTLL5 patients have been clinically and genetically described. In this study, we report five patients harbouring biallelic variants of TTLL5. Four adult patients presented either COD or CORD with onset in the late teenage years. The youngest patient had a phenotype of early onset severe retinal dystrophy (EOSRD). Genetic analysis was performed by targeted next generation sequencing of gene panels and assessment of copy number variants (CNV). We identified eight variants, of which six were novel, including two large multiexon deletions in patients with COD or CORD, while the EOSRD patient harboured the novel homozygous p.(Trp640*) variant and three distinct USH2A variants, which might explain the observed rod involvement. Our study highlights the role of TTLL5 in COD/CORD and the importance of large deletions. These findings suggest that COD or CORD patients lacking variants in known genes may harbour CNVs to be discovered in TTLL5, previously undetected by classical sequencing methods. In addition, variable phenotypes in TTLL5-associated patients might be due to the presence of additional gene defects. 相似文献