A hierarchically structured and constraint-based data model for intuitive and precise solid modeling in a virtual reality environment

This article proposes a hierarchically structured and constraint-based data model for intuitive and precise solid modeling in a virtual reality (VR) environment. The data model integrates a high level constraint-based model for intuitive and precise manipulation, a middle level solid model for complete and precise representation and a low-level polygon mesh model for real-time interactions and visualization in a VR environment. The solid model is based on a hybrid B-rep/CSG data structure. Constraints are embedded in the solid model and are organized at hierarchical levels as feature constraints among internal feature elements, part constraints among internal features and assembly constraints between individual parts. In addition to providing a complete and precise model representation and the support for real-time visualization, the proposed data model permits intuitive and precise interaction through constraint-based manipulations for solid modeling in a VR environment. This is a critical issue for product design in a VR environment due to the limited resolutions of today's VR input and output devices.     

Computational models of a nano probe tip for static behaviors

It is difficult to predict the measurement bias arising from the compliance of the atomic force microscope (AFM) probe. The issue becomes particularly important in this situation where nanometer uncertainties are sought for measurements with dimensional probes composed of flexible carbon nanotubes mounted on AFM cantilevers. We have developed a finite element model for simulating the mechanical behavior of AFM cantilevers with carbon nanotubes attached. Spring constants of both the nanotube and cantilever in two directions are calculated using the finite element method with known Young's moduli of both silicon and multiwall nanotube as input data. Compliance of the nanotube-attached AFM probe tip may be calculated from the set of spring constants. This paper presents static models that together provide a basis to estimate uncertainties in linewidth measurement using nanotubes. In particular, the interaction between a multiwall nanotube tip and a silicon sample is modeled using the Lennard-Jones theory. Snap-in and snap-out of the probe tip in a scanning mode are calculated by integrating the compliance of the probe and the sample-tip interacting force model. Cantilever and probe tip deflections and points of contact are derived for both horizontal scanning of a plateau and vertically scanning of a wall. The finite element method and the Lennard-Jones model provide a means to analyze the interaction of the probe and sample and measurement uncertainty, including actual deflection and the gap between the probe tip and the measured sample surface.     

试论切削液的发展方向

回顾了金属切削的工艺过程。切削液的主要作用是冷却和润滑，其效果反映在刀具的使用寿命上。影响刀具寿命的主要因素，是切削刀具的表面温度。水基切削液以其导热系数大、成本低，得到长足发展。由于环保要求日益严格，水基切削液的使用费由原来占生产费1％上升到12％～17％，水基切削液的价格优势不复存在。根据国内外的实验研究，切削油中加入极压剂，切削表面的摩擦下降60％～80％；加氢基础油黏度低、闪点高、蒸发损失少，为油基切削液低粘化创造了必要条件。油基切削液的研究和发展有广阔前景。     

Dynamic asymmetrical instability of elastic–plastic beams

Dynamic instability of elastic–plastic beam is investigated by employing a three-degree-of-freedom (3-DoF) beam model. Especially, asymmetrical instability induced by symmetrical load is discussed. The asymmetrical instability is considered as a second-order buckling mode. Four types of perturbations, i.e., geometrical misalignment, material property mismatch, unsymmetry of applied load and disturbance of boundary conditions, are introduced to activate the asymmetrical responses. The asymmetrical response is characterized by a modal participation factor α₂ which corresponds to an asymmetrical mode shape. Phase plane trajectories and Poincaré map are used to illustrate the chaotic characteristics of the beam response. Results show that if the perturbations are small enough, the perturbation type has negligible influence on the critical load for the occurrence of the asymmetrical instability, which implies that the asymmetrical instability is an intrinsic feature of the beam system. However, with the increase of the magnitude of the perturbations, the influence of the asymmetrical vibration is expanded to a large extension of loading parameter.     

实施科技创新进一步提高农机推广工作水平

农业机械化是农业现代化的重要内容.在实现农业现代化的过程中,如何认识农业机械化的地位和作用,如何认识农机化技术推广工作的必要性和重要性,如何找准农机推广工作的切入点,充分发挥农机化技术的作用,针对这些问题,我们从近年来农机推广工作的实际出发,通过学习邓小平理论和党的十六大文件,做了认真的思考和总结.     

基于DSP的Si_3N_4陶瓷磨削力信号检验

采用数字信号处理 (DSP)方法对Si3 N4陶瓷的磨削力信号进行了检验 ,结果表明 :Si3 N4陶瓷的磨削力信号具有不同于金属及其它非金属材料的分布规律 ,是一种具有平稳性、各态历经性的周期振动信号 ,且在总体上不服从正态分布。     

Experimental research on a modular miniaturization nanoindentation device

Nanoindentation technology is developing toward the in situ test which requires miniaturization of indentation instruments. This paper presents a miniaturization nanoindentation device based on the modular idea. It mainly consists of macro-adjusting mechanism, x-y precise positioning platform, z axis precise driving unit, and the load-depth measuring unit. The device can be assembled with different forms and has minimum dimensions of 200 mm × 135 mm × 200 mm. The load resolution is about 0.1 mN and the displacement resolution is about 10 nm. A new calibration method named the reference-mapping method is proposed to calibrate the developed device. Output performance tests and indentation experiments indicate the feasibility of the developed device and calibration method. This paper gives an example that combining piezoelectric actuators with flexure hinge to realize nanoindentation tests. Integrating a smaller displacement sensor, a more compact nanoindentation device can be designed in the future.     

超小型浅水潜水器用活塞式沉浮系统结构设计

随着水下机器人技术的不断推进,超小型浅水潜水器受到了广泛关注。而在超小型、浅水环境,传统的螺旋桨推进机构却存在着一定的缺点。为此,提出一种基于传统方法的新思路,用活塞式伸缩机构实现潜水器的低功耗,能较好实现稳定沉浮运动。     

BT20钛合金低温铣削试验研究

为改善钛合金工件的加工表面质量,进行了低温铣削钛合金试验,并得出了合理的切削用量。     

圆形可倾瓦与扇形瓦推力轴承性能的比较

应用有限元程序分别对圆形瓦和扇形瓦推力轴承在中心支承条件下的性能进行了计算。并根据计算结果对两种瓦形的轴承性能作了比较。其结果和实验结论比较一致。最后得出圆形瓦轴承比扇形瓦轴承在某些方面有一定的优越性。