Developments in Printing by Rotary Screen

Factors are summarised which led to the development of screen and copper–roller techniques as two complementary systems for textile printing, and problems are explained which delayed the commercial exploitation of the rotary screen. Features of the print–paste applicator and the screen construction are studied. Recent improvements in durability and versatility of screens are examined, and novel fields of application for the rotary screen, particularly in duplex printing, are reviewed.     

Cardiovascular effects of microinjections of opioid agonists into the ''Depressor Region'' of the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray region

Differentiating the binding properties of applied lectins should facilitate the selection of lectins for characterization of glycoreceptors on the cell surface. Based on the binding specificities studied by inhibition assays of lectin-glycan interactions, over twenty Gal and/or GalNAc specific lectins have been divided into eight groups according to their specificity for structural units (lectin determinants), which are the disaccharide as all or part of the determinants and of GalNAc alpha 1-->Ser (Thr) of the peptide chain. A scheme of codes for lectin determinants is illustrated as follows: (1) F (GalNAc alpha 1-->3GalNAc), Forssman specific disaccharide--Dolichos biflorus (DBL), Helix pomatia (HPL) and Wistaria floribunda (WFL) lectins. (2) A (GalNAc alpha 1-->3 Gal), blood group A specific disaccharide--Codium fragile subspecies tomentosoides (CFT), Soy bean (SBL), Vicia villosa-A4 (VVL-A4), and Wistaria floribunda (WFL) lectins. (3) Tn (GalNAc alpha 1-->Ser (Thr) of the protein core)--Vicia villosa B4 (VVL-B4), Salvia sclarea (SSL), Maclura pomifera (MPL), Bauhinia purpurea alba (BPL) and Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin, AIL). (4) T (Gal beta 1-->3GalNAc), the mucin type sugar sequences on the human erythrocyte membrane(T alpha), T antigen or the disaccharides at the terminal nonreducing end of gangliosides (T beta)--Peanut (PNA), Bauhinia purpurea alba (BPL), Maclura pomifera (MPL), Sophora japonica (SJL), Artocarpus lakoocha (Artocarpin) lectins and Abrus precatorius agglutinin (APA).(5) I and II (Gal beta 1-->3(4)GlcNAc)--the disaccharide residue at the nonreducing end of the carbohydrate chains derived from either N- or O-glycosidic linkage--Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA1), Datura stramonium (TAL, Thorn apple), Erythrina cristagalli (ECL, Coral tree), and Geodia cydonium (GCL). (6) B (Gal alpha 1-->3Gal), human blood group B specific disaccharide--Griffonia(Banderiaea) simplicifolia B4 (GSI-B4). (7) E (Gal alpha 1-->4Gal), receptors for pathogenic E. coli agglutinin, Shiga toxin and Mistletoe toxic lectin-I (ML-I) and abrin-a.     

The effect of dark and equiluminant occlusion on the interocular transfer of visual aftereffects

Because changes in intracellular Ca2+ affect progression through the mitotic cell cycle, we investigated the role of Ca2+-binding proteins in regulating cell cycle progression. Evidence was found demonstrating that the activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) inhibits cell cycle progression in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cells. We also demonstrated that SCLC cells express both CaM kinase type II (CaMKII) and CaM kinase type IV (CaMKIV). Five independent SCLC cell lines expressed proteins reactive with antibody to the CaMKII beta subunit, but none expressed detectable proteins reactive with antibody to the CaMKII alpha subunit. All SCLC cell lines tested expressed both the alpha and beta isoforms of CaMKIV. Immunoprecipitation of CaMKII from SCLC cells yielded multiple proteins that autophosphorylated in the presence of Ca2+ / calmodulin. Autophosphorylation was inhibited by the CaMKII(281-302) peptide, which corresponds to the CaMKII autoinhibitory domain, and by 1-[N,O-bis(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-L-tyrosyl]-4- phenylpiperazine (KN-62), a specific CaM kinase antagonist. Influx of Ca2+ through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels stimulated phosphorylation of CaMKII in SCLC cells, and this was inhibited by KN-62. Incubation of SCLC cells of KN-62 potently inhibited DNA synthesis, and slowed progression through S phase. Similar anti-proliferative effects of KN-62 occurred in SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells, which express both CaMKII and CaMKIV, and in K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells, which express CaMKII but not CaMKIV. The expression of both CaMKII and CaMKIV by SCLC cells, and the sensitivity of these cells to the anti-proliferative effects of KN-62, suggest a role for CaM kinase in regulating SCLC proliferation.     

Morphine enhancement of sucrose palatability: analysis by the taste reactivity test

The ability of morphine to modify sucrose palatability was assessed by the taste reactivity test. In Experiment 1, rats were injected with morphine (0.0, 0.5, 2.0, and 10.0 mg/kg, subcutaneously), 30 min before receiving a 10-min intraoral infusion of 2% or 20% sucrose solution. A dose of 2.0 mg/kg morphine enhanced ingestive reactions elicited by both concentrations of sucrose solution. In Experiment 2, the interval between morphine pretreatment and the taste reactivity test was manipulated. Rats given 2.0 mg/kg morphine 30 or 120 min before testing displayed enhanced ingestive reactions elicited by 20% sucrose solution during the first 5 min of a 10-min test. The results support the hypothesis that morphine enhances the hedonic assessment of sucrose solution.     

The human dead ringer/bright homolog, DRIL1: cDNA cloning, gene structure, and mapping to D19S886, a marker on 19p13.3 that is strictly linked to the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

A 2-year trial was conducted to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of heliotherapy for psoriasis. The course and cost of psoriasis of 46 Finnish patients were first closely monitored for 1 year, then the patients received a 4-week supervised heliotherapy treatment in the Canary Islands, Spain, after which they continued to be followed for another year. Heliotherapy dramatically reduced the severity of psoriasis and also seemed to have favourable long-term effects on psoriasis. The mean direct cost of the 4-week heliotherapy for one patient was FIM12,289 (1 Pound = FIM7.0 in 1989). The cost of flights and half-board in Spain formed nearly 60% (FIM7033) of the total cost. In the year preceding heliotherapy, the mean direct annual cost of antipsoriasis therapy was FIM7335 and in the year after FIM5700, a reduction of 22% in annual costs; this change was not statistically significant because there were large variations in costs among patients. The costs of heliotherapy exceeded manyfold the mean monthly cost of conventional psoriasis therapy. There were no overall savings using heliotherapy in those patients suffering mainly from moderately severe psoriasis. Heliotherapy saved costs only in those patients with severe psoriasis that required expensive medication or ward treatment. Although heliotherapy cannot be regarded as an economical treatment for the average patients with psoriasis, it clears psoriasis effectively and is preferred by patients. Thus, heliotherapy constitutes an alternative for patients suffering severe psoriasis.     

Antithrombotic potency of hirudin is increased in nonhuman primates by fibrin targeting

BACKGROUND: Inhibition of thrombin by either the indirect thrombin inhibitor heparin or by more potent direct thrombin inhibitors such as hirudin reduces thrombus formation after arterial injury. The present study was designed to determine if a fibrin-specific thrombin inhibitor could, by local thrombin inhibition, prevent thrombosis more effectively. METHODS AND RESULTS: We first studied antithrombotic potency in vitro, comparing fibrin-targeted hirudin (recombinant hirudin covalently linked to the Fab' fragment of the anti-fibrin monoclonal antibody 59D8) to recombinant hirudin in baboon plasma. Fibrin-targeted hirudin was nine times more effective than recombinant hirudin in inhibiting fibrin deposition on experimental clot surfaces in baboon plasma (P < .01). The potency of fibrin-targeted hirudin was then compared with that of recombinant hirudin in a baboon model of thrombus formation. 111In-labeled platelet deposition was measured in a synthetic graft segment of an extracorporeal arteriovenous shunt in control animals and in animals receiving either fibrin-targeted hirudin or hirudin. In these experiments, fibrin-targeted hirudin was 10-fold more potent than hirudin in inhibiting platelet deposition and thrombus formation (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that targeting a thrombin inhibitors such as hirudin to an epitope present in thrombi results in increased antithrombotic potency.     

Ｐｅｃｈｉｎｉ法制备Ｂｉ２Ｓｒ２ＣａＣｕ２Ｏ８＋δ粉体的工艺优化及表征

以硝酸盐为原料,乙二胺四乙酸（ＥＤＴＡ）为络合剂,乙烯乙二醇为交联剂,利用Ｐｅｃｈｉｎｉ法制备了名义组分为Ｂｉ_２Ｓｒ_２ＣａＣｕ_２Ｏ_８＋δ（Ｂｉ－２２１２）超导粉体。通过Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）、标准四引线法等手段,研究了络合剂、交联剂用量及油浴温度、时间对超导粉体物相、结晶性及电学性能的影响。实验结果表明：不同凝胶化条件制备的超导粉体,均保持较高的相纯度;但工艺参数的改变对Ｂｉ－２２１２粉体的结晶性与电学性能影响显著,其临界转变温度Ｔ_ｃ,０相差７．３Ｋ。     

The removal of arsenic from （ground）-water by adsorbent loaded in polymeric microspheres

Arsenic is a natural tasteless and odourless element,existing in the earth’s crust at average levels of between two and five thousands micrograms per liter (parts per million) . Arsenic is highly toxic to humans, who are exposed to it primarily from air,food and water. The occurrence of arsenic in groundwater is due to geological composition of soil. High concentrations of arsenic in water are the result of dissolution or desorption of ferric oxides and the oxidation of mineral arsenopyrites. Arsenic in drinking water has an important impact on the human health,especially in the less developed countries. Different methods exist to remove arsenic from aquatic media,and one of them is by adsorption. In this work,the adsorption of both As(III) and As(V) by means of novel microspheres has been investigated. In particular,TiO2 has been embedded into polymeric microspheres PES (PolyEtherSulphone) and PEEK-WC (PolyEtherEther-Ketone) . The main advantages of this encapsulation adsorption material are: no loss of adsorbents into the water stream,easy to be used and scaled-up.     

聚乙烯醇/聚二甲基二乙烯氯化铵阴离子自立交换膜的制备与性能

以5种不同聚乙烯醇/聚二甲基二乙烯氯化铵配比制备了用于电透析脱盐的阴离子自立交换膜,并考察3种不同热处理温度对膜含水率、膜电荷密度、真实迁移数及膜面电阻的影响。实验结果表明:膜的含水率随聚二甲基二乙烯氯化铵含量CPC的增加而增加,随热处理温度的增加而降低;在CPC为30 wt%,热处理温度为180℃时,阴离子交换膜的膜面电阻最低,为3.04Ωcm2;在CPC为30 wt%,热处理温度为180℃时,阴离子交换膜的真实迁移数达到0.99;在CPC为20 wt%,热处理温度为180℃时,阴离子交换膜的膜电荷密度值为1.14 mol dm-3。     

Robot Interaction Force Estimation Using an Adaptive Sliding Mode Observer

In constrained motion control of a robot, the interaction force is an important variable, which directly describes the state of interaction. It is required in a number of algorithms for interaction control. Desirably, the interaction force has to be measured by force sensors. However, there are inherent limitations with force sensors, such as the cost, sensing noise, limited bandwidth, and the difficulty of physical location at the required place, which is dynamic. In the present paper, the interaction force is estimated by using high order sliding mode observers. An adaptive version of a high order sliding mode observer is developed to robustly reconstruct the interaction force. Experimental results are given to show the effectiveness of the developed algorithms.