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11.
M. SUSAN BREWER BHARATI K. ROSTOGI LITSA ARGOUDELIS GUY K. SPROULS 《Journal of food science》1995,60(1):58-62
Ground pork (15% fat) was formulated to contain 0% to 3.0% sodium chloride and/or 0% to 3.0% sodium lactate (SL) resulting in 28 treatment combinations. Five replications consisted of two with low initial microbial loads (< 103 CFU/g) and three with high initial loads (> 105 CFU/ g). Ground pork (454g) was overwrapped in PVC and stored (4°C) aerobically for 21 d. A significant salt × SL interaction existed for redness of samples with low initial aerobic plate count (APC). Red color was best preserved by 2.0% or 3.0% SL. Initial pH values of low and high initial APC samples were similar. Initial product pH was best maintained by higher SL levels in low initial load samples and by higher sodium chloride levels in high initial load samples. Samples containing 3.0% SL had the lowest APC regardless of salt level. 相似文献
12.
In our review of the literature concerning sustainable architecture, we find a remarkably diverse constellation of ideas that defy simple categorization. But rather than lament the apparent inability to standardize a singular approach to degraded environmental and social conditions, we celebrate pluralism as a means to contest technological and scientific certainty. At the same time, we reject epistemological and moral relativism. These twin points of departure lead us to propose a research agenda for an architecture of reflective engagement that is sympathetic to the pragmatist tradition. 相似文献
13.
GUY BIELICKI SORAYA BENDERBOUS LOÏC FOUCAT JEAN PIERRE DONNAT JEAN PIERRE RENOU 《Journal of food science》1994,59(6):1271-1274
The energy catabolism in brine-injected muscles was examined by 31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Immediately after death of rabbits, brines containing NaCl, with or without pyrophosphate, were injected into the arterial system. 31P NMR spectra at 4°revealed marked heterogeneity in postmortem catabolism due to brine diffusion. The heterogeneity of the Pi signal for injected muscles reflected the existence of muscle areas with different intracellular pH values. This observation suggested an increase in rate of glycolysis for fibers experiencing brine. The heterogeneity of brine diffusion seemed to be affected by method of injection. 相似文献
14.
BRIAN CHAMBERS EDGAR CHAMBERS IV JANE A. R. BOWERS JEAN A. CRAIG 《Journal of food science》1991,56(1):200-209
Sodium tripolyphosphate (STP) at levels of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5% by weight was added to ground turkey meat to determine if a flavor difference could be detected when STP was present. Detection thresholds for STP in ground turkey meat were determined for 30 female respondents. Two population thresholds were determined using information from the detection thresholds. Two-thirds of the respondents detected a difference between samples with no STP and those with 0.5% STP or less. STP added at less than 0.3% was undetected by more than 50% of the tested population. 相似文献
15.
Turkey breast muscle batters were prepared with sodium chloride, sodium nitrite, and sodium tripolyphosphate. Batter pH and centrifuged batter sediment weight were measured, extracted protein amounts were measured by the biuret method, and relative viscosity of the extract was determined by capillary tube viscometry. Water and nitrite extracts had similar pH values, protein concentrations and relative viscosities. The batter with sodium chloride had the lowest pH while the batter with sodium tripolyphosphate had the highest pH. The greatest centrifuged batter sediment weight, greatest protein concentration and most viscous extract were from the batter containing sodium chloride and sodium tripolyphosphate. 相似文献
16.
17.
Fine particles were dispersed in a fuel structure to trap fission gases as very small bubbles and thereby reduce fuel swelling. The dispersions were made by adding 1.5 to 3.0 wt% W to the UC; the specimens were irradiated to a maximum of ∼2 at.% burnup. Density changes were used as the measure of swelling; there was much scatter in the results. Tungsten reduced the swelling when it was uniformly dispersed. For some samples having excess U and W or a segregated structure, W increased the swelling. The results tentatively confirm that fine particles are of value in reducing fission-gas swelling of carbide fuels. 相似文献
18.
The pristine strength of 0.5Li2 O·0.5K2 O·2SiO2 glass measured in 3-point bending under liquid nitrogen was studied as a function of melting time and atmosphere at a constant melting temperature. The atmosphere over the melt was one of the most important parameters affecting the pristine strength. The most significant time-dependent melting effects and the highest strengths resulted from melting in a dry atmosphere of O2 or air. In contrast, vacuum-melted and Ar-melted glasses had the lowest strengths. Melting in N2 or CO2 led to intermediate strengths. The presence of water vapor in the atmosphere during melting was detrimental to strength in those cases where very high strengths had been obtained with dry gases. The introduction of water vapor into those gases which in the dry state had led to low-strength glasses did not significantly affect the strength. The effects of the atmosphere in leading to oxygen-deficient or excess-oxygen glasses on the formation or dissolution of microheterogeneous regions were correlated with the pristine strengths of the glasses. 相似文献
19.
Enzymatic Reducing Pathways in Meat 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
20.
DANIEL R. STEWART GUY E. RINDONE FRANK DACHILLE 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1967,50(9):467-472
The densification produced in sodium borate glasses by pressures to 40 kbars at 25° and 250°C was measured. At a constant temperature and pressure, the densification decreased with increasing alkali content. For specimens pressed at 40 kbars and 250°C, the densification ranged from 14.2% for B2 O3 to 6.3% for the 33.3 mole % Na2 O composition. Under the same conditions, the refractive index increase ranged from 4.8 to 1.1%, and the decrease of the molar refraction of the oxygen ions ranged from 2.5 to 1.5%. The heats of solution of the pressed glasses were more negative than those of the corresponding unpressed glasses. The heats of solution of both the pressed and unpressed glasses pass through a minimum near 20 mole % Na2 O. A decrease in density was observed at room temperature for all pressed specimens. Electron micrographs were made of two of the pressed specimens. The results could be explained on the basis of a repacking of structural units. 相似文献