CO2驱凝胶封窜体系研究进展

由于油气间黏度差异大和油藏的非均质性,在CO2驱油过程会发生气窜从而降低CO2的波及效率。凝胶体系是CO2驱油过程中的有效封窜剂,在中外都有着广泛的应用。介绍了延缓交联聚丙烯酰胺凝胶、预交联凝胶颗粒、两级封窜凝胶体系、泡沫凝胶这4种凝胶体系的封窜机理以及研究进展。延缓交联丙烯酰胺凝胶流动性强,价格低廉,但是成胶强度、成胶时间不可控并且不耐酸性腐蚀。预交联凝胶颗粒成胶时间、成胶强度可控且耐高温耐高矿化度,但是粒度较大,无法进入渗透率较低的地层。两级封窜凝胶体系结合了刚性凝胶与小分子的优势,能够同时封堵不同尺寸的裂缝,但是对于超过特定尺寸的裂缝,封堵效果将会下降。泡沫凝胶对地层伤害小,但是不耐高温。目前,用于CO2驱气窜的凝胶体系存在着不耐酸性腐蚀的问题,如何使长期处于CO2酸性环境下的凝胶体系保持稳定是未来的研究方向。     

Separation of propylene and propane with a microporous metal–organic framework via equilibrium-kinetic synergetic effect

Adsorption separation of olefin and paraffin can greatly lower the energy consumption associated with the currently utilized distillation technique but remains a great challenge. Herein, we report the efficient separation of propylene (C₃H₆) and propane (C₃H₈) in a phosphate anion-functionalized metal–organic framework (MOF) ZnAtzPO₄ by synergetic effect of equilibrium and kinetics. The material features periodically expanded and contracted apertures decorated with electronegative groups, offering eligible pore shape and pore chemistry to effectively trap C₃H₆ under moderate isosteric heat of adsorption (27.5 kJ mol⁻¹) while obstruct the diffusion of C₃H₈. It simultaneously combines excellent thermodynamic selectivity (uptake ratio of 1.71) and kinetic selectivity (~31) for C₃H₆/C₃H₈ separation, meanwhile can be easily regenerated. Breakthrough experiment for C₃H₆/C₃H₈ gas mixture was conducted and confirmed the outstanding separation capability of ZnAtzPO₄. The equilibrium and kinetics cooperative C₃H₆/C₃H₈ adsorption separation was for the first time found in anion-functionalized MOFs, and further confirmed by computational studies.     

A novel spherical-ordered macroporous CuO nanocatalyst for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide

Journal of Applied Electrochemistry - The electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 is a promising research direction in resource utilization and sustainable energy development. However, there is still a...     

Mechanical nondiscoloring and antistretching photonic crystal films based on Zn2+ coordination and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Mechanical nondiscoloring and antistretching photonic crystal (PC) films, especially those with stable structure colors during deformation, have great potential applications in wearable display devices, decoration, and packaging. Here, PC films with antistretching and invariant structural colors during deformation were prepared, by combining Zn²⁺ coordinated elastic material and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) with polystyrene@silica (PS@SiO₂) colloidal crystals. The PC films release energy by forming local fractures at a microscopic level during the straining process but the lattice spacing and effective refractive index of the local array do not change. According to the Bragg law, the structure color remains unchanged. The introduction of HPMC gave the PC films excellent tensile properties, and the maximum tensile strength reached 10 MPa. And after 100 times of stretching, bending and compression cycles, the structural color remained unchanged.     

Preparation and tribological behavior of polytetrafluoroethylene/metal mesh composites with sandwich structure

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) owns an excellent self-lubricating performance, but its wear rate is very high due to the large-scale spalling of the matrix in the friction. In this paper, A new kind of PTFE composites with sandwich structure was prepared by layer-press technology, whose middle layer is filled with metal mesh. The influence of the mesh structure and mesh density of middle metal layer on tribological properties of composites were researched in detail. The results revealled that the metal mesh located in the composites can efficiently prevent the large-scale spalling of PTFE, which induces the sample of PTFE/500# plain woven dutch metal mesh (PTFE-500#PWD) to have a lower wear rate (9 × 10⁻⁵ mm³/Nm) and COF (0.106) under the fixed experimental condition. The prepared PTFE/metal mesh composites reveal excellent anti-friction and anti-wear performance, which can be used to fabricate a new kind of self-lubricating materials.     

Antibacterial self-healing anticorrosion coatings from single capsule system

It is highly desirable to develop self-healing anticorrosion coatings with enhanced antibacterial function to prevent the scratched area to be fouled or corroded in harsh environments. Herein, we report antibacterial self-healing anticorrosion coatings via the simple incorporation of the easily synthesized single polymer microcapsule system. Well-defined polymer microcapsules containing isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as a healing agent and 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT) as antibacterial molecules were synthesized by one-pot polymerization. The diameter and core fraction were around 30 μm and 90%, respectively. The active DCOIT content in the core material could be precisely controlled by adjusting the DCOIT/IPDI feeding ratio. The DCOIT/IPDI microcapsules-embedded protective coating exhibits an adaptive self-healing anticorrosion property, as shown by electrochemical test under the condition of the salt-water immersion. Furthermore, the self-healing coating showed efficient antibacterial function against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is due to the released active biocide molecules on the damaged surfaces. In contrast to other systems, this single capsule system without any catalyst is perspective for extending the service time of the antibacterial self-healing materials in harsh environment.     

Effects of the molecular structure from pitch fractions on the properties of pitch-based electrospun nanofibers

Mesophase pitch was separated into different pitch fractions to investigate the effect of pitch fractions on the properties of their nanofibers prepared by electrospinning. The evolution of different pitch fractions-derived nanofibers during stabilization and carbonization were explored, and the properties of the resultant carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as electrode materials for supercapacitor were compared. Results indicated that the hexane insoluble-toluene soluble (HI-TS) and toluene insoluble-tetrahydrofuran (THF) soluble (TI-THFS) fractions had good spinnability due to their narrow molecular weight distribution. Moreover, compared with HI-TS and THF insoluble (THFI), TI-THFS consisted of appropriate aromaticity and branched alkyl groups which promoted the stabilization and carbonization behaviors of its nanofibers, resulting in maintaining ideal fiber morphology of TI-THFS-derived nanofiber due to the mitigation of their exothermic reactions. Meanwhile, the TI-THFS-derived CNFs presented the highest surface area of 543 m² g⁻¹ and exhibited an excellent specific capacitance of 167 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹ in 6 M KOH electrolyte.     

配电网弹性内涵分析与研究展望

构建能有效抵御复杂环境下各类型扰动的配电网,对实现安全可靠供电、保障社会经济发展具有重要意义.为此,对配电网面临的扰动类型、配电网弹性的基本内涵以及配电网弹性提升关键技术进行了分析和探讨.首先,探讨了配电网弹性的概念内涵,对配电网须应对的扰动类型进行了分类划分,提出了扰动作用下配电网的运行状态分类及实现状态间转移的弹性控制手段;其次,提出了感知力、适应力、抵抗力、恢复力等4个配电网弹性核心特征;然后,提出了配电网弹性提升的关键技术,包括实现扰动预判分析的态势感知技术、实现运行状态校正的灵活适应技术、实现设备及系统安全的抵抗力提升技术,以及实现灾变应对的恢复控制技术;最后,对配电网弹性提升的研究方向进行了展望.     

牵引变电所群贯通供电系统负序补偿模型及控制策略

针对牵引变电所群贯通供电系统存在的三相电压不平衡问题,提出一种基于三相变压器与静止无功发生器(SVG)的负序集中补偿方案及控制策略.首先,根据牵引变压器的功率变换关系及不同的负荷情况,推导了2种模式下补偿装置对牵引负荷的补偿功率通用表达式.根据中国的电能质量标准,提出了以负序满意补偿为目标的双限值补偿方案,方案包括了模式选择方法、SVG容量配置方法及SVG运行方法.根据补偿方案,设计了带有模式判别的SVG双闭环补偿控制策略.然后,采用牵引变电所实测数据对补偿方案进行验证,证明了方案具有良好的补偿效果,与全补偿方案相比,所提方案需要的装置容量更小.最后,通过仿真证明了控制策略对负序补偿的有效性和较快的响应速度.     

基于分布式技术的用电信息采集主站系统设计与应用

随着用户侧数据采集设备的发展及电网业务对用户侧采集数据的深化应用,当前电力用户用电信息采集主站系统在数据采集、计算、入库等方面出现瓶颈,无法满足业务快速发展的需求.针对营销数字化转型发展的需要,基于分布式架构、异步网络、并行计算与分布式存储等技术,文中提出一种具有高频实时采集特征的主站系统技术方案,在采集通信层、任务调度层、分布式存储层及并行计算层4个层面全面解决高频并发交互、复杂任务调度、海量数据存储及实时计算的效率问题.通过中国某省级工程应用表明,所提出的方案可显著提升用电信息采集主站的采集能力,改善集中式采集主站性能.