Historical continuity and post‐1945 urban redevelopment: the example of Lee Bank,Birmingham, UK

The reconstruction of British cities following World War II is characterized by a marked gap between the rhetoric and the reality. Visions for ideal cities, in particular those growing out of the modern movement in architecture, were diluted and warped by the ‘messy’ business of reconstructing actual cities, filled with real people whilst operating within democratic structures. This paper examines elements of this confrontation of the ideal and the real, by looking at the context for changes to the urban fabric within a single housing estate in Birmingham, self‐nominated ‘second city’ of Britain. The overarching theme is of historical continuity and change – the extent to which the urban fabric has been destroyed and remade. As such, the paper examines not only the nominally ‘modern’ post‐war reconstruction, but also how a contemporary, ‘post‐modern’ phase of redevelopment is dealing with the city form created in the 1950s and 1960s.     

把云内容引入汽车连接服务与应用的路线图指明方向

由于智能手机,最近汽车信息娱乐更加受到欢迎,正在改变客户对于信息娱乐解决方案功能与用途的期望.     

Solid-particle erosion of hot-pressed silicon carbide and SiC-TiB2 composite

Abstracts are not published in this journal This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON SUSPENSION CRYSTALLIZATION PROCESSES

A mathematical analysis was carried out to examine the effect of temperature on the nucleation and growth rates in continuous suspension crystallization systems. The analysis included consideration of the population balance, mass balance, nucleation and growth kinetics, and the temperature dependence of the nucleation and growth rate constants. This study provides a reasonable basis to understand the relationships between nucleation and growth rates and such factors as supersaturation, “overall” activation energies, and the kinetic order, i Various temperature behaviors that had been observed for different solute systems were also discussed based on the analysis of this work.     

CONSUMER RESPONSE TO INFORMATION ON INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT

Risk communication theory is used to address consumer concerns about food safety and pesticide residues. Risk perception is a function of actual hazard and "outrage"factors. If concerns are acknowledged and information is provided on how risks are being addressed, the outrage component of perception is reduced. Two 2-min videos were prepared to present information on the environmentally responsive integrated pest management (IPM) approach to farming. The video was shown to a total of 197 consumers in controlled group settings. Although about 90% of participants expressed confidence in the safety of produce grown in California and the United States, 40% said they avoided some produce items due to safety concerns. Pre-and post-attitude assessments and group discussions documented a significant change in attitudes toward food safety, farming practices, and university efforts to help farmers. This project indicates that consumer concerns are significantly reduced when their knowledge of IPM practices is increased.     

On the Adherence of Porcelain Enamel to Sheet Steel

A study of the reactions at the interface of enamels and steel during firing has been made using a reflecting microscope, an electron microscope, an X-ray spectrometer, and a light spectrograph. Much attention has been given to the tendency of a number of oxides, e.g., cobalt oxide and nickel oxide, to develop a typical roughening of the base metal during firing. This roughening appears to be caused by two successive electrochemical reactions at the interface of the enamel and steel. With the aid of the results, a short explanation is given of the various ways in which enamels may adhere to steel.     

A framework for multi-robot motion planning from temporal logic specifications

We propose a framework for the coordination of a network of robots with respect to formal requirement specifications expressed in temporal logics.A regular tessellation is used to partition the space of interest into a union of disjoint regular and equal cells with finite facets,and each cell can only be occupied by a robot or an obstacle.Each robot is assumed to be equipped with a finite collection of continuous-time nonlinear closed-loop dynamics to be operated in.The robot is then modeled as a hybrid automaton for capturing the finitely many modes of operation for either staying within the current cell or reaching an adjacent cell through the corresponding facet.By taking the motion capabilities into account,a bisimilar discrete abstraction of the hybrid automaton can be constructed.Having the two systems bisimilar,all properties that are expressible in temporal logics such as Linear-time Temporal Logic,Computation Tree Logic,and μ -calculus can be preserved.Motion planning can then be performed at a discrete level by considering the parallel composition of discrete abstractions of the robots with a requirement specification given in a suitable temporal logic.The bisimilarity ensures that the discrete planning solutions are executable by the robots.For demonstration purpose,a finite automaton is used as the abstraction and the requirement specification is expressed in Computation Tree Logic.The model checker Cadence SMV is used to generate coordinated verified motion planning solutions.Two autonomous aerial robots are used to demonstrate how the proposed framework may be applied to solve coordinated motion planning problems.     

Effect of Y and Y2O3 on oxidation ofAZ91D Mg alloys between 400 ℃ and 500 ℃

AZ91D, AZ91D+1%Y, and AZ91D+3%Y₂O₃ (mass fraction) alloys were cast, and oxidized between 400 and 500 °C in air. The oxidation resistance increased in the order of AZ91D, AZ91D+3%Y₂O₃, and AZ91D+1%Y, indicating that Y was more effective than Y₂O₃ in increasing the oxidation resistance of the Mg alloys. However, all the alloys tested experienced ignition because the major oxide was MgO.