Change in resistance to micro-plastic deformation in Bi-Pb-Sb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O

Abstracts are not published in this journal This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN REFINERIES

Japan energy saving activities of refineries in 1970s and 1980s were reviewed. The activities led by task teams were strongly supported by the corporate management. The teams consisted of well-trained and experienced persons from technical, maintenance, operation and manufacturing planning, and focused on cost cut, preventing energy losses, uncovering a lot of energy losses and preventing losses with no or small investment. For instance, loss measurement, less stripping steam, less reflux ratios, less treat gas, lower pressure and lower temperature, etc. In 1990s, environmental discussions suggested to introduce ultra low sulfur fuels and less CO2 emission fuels. In addition to the above, oil prices hike and supply shortage drive these activities. Energy saving should be evaluated by the overall optimization (saving and value generation). Energy utilization can be managed.     

Single-solution Simulated Kalman Filter algorithm for global optimisation problems

This paper introduces single-solution Simulated Kalman Filter (ssSKF), a new single-agent optimisation algorithm inspired by Kalman Filter, for solving real-valued numerical optimisation problems. In comparison, the proposed ssSKF algorithm supersedes the original population-based Simulated Kalman Filter (SKF) algorithm by operating with only a single agent, and having less parameters to be tuned. In the proposed ssSKF algorithm, the initialisation parameters are not constants, but they are produced by random numbers taken from a normal distribution in the range of [0, 1], thus excluding them from tuning requirement. In order to balance between the exploration and exploitation in ssSKF, the proposed algorithm uses an adaptive neighbourhood mechanism during its prediction step. The proposed ssSKF algorithm is tested using the 30 benchmark functions of CEC 2014, and its performance is compared to that of the original SKF algorithm, Black Hole (BH) algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) algorithm, Grey Wolf Optimiser (GWO) algorithm and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The results show that the proposed ssSKF algorithm is a promising approach and able to outperform GWO and GA algorithms, significantly.     

MEMS Resonator‐Based Insulated Voltage Sensor Withstanding Higher Voltage

The Si resonator is applied for measuring the voltage in a highly isolated manner. The working principle is based on the resonant frequency shift caused by the electrical field from the electrode connected to the high‐voltage source (supposing the battery). Here, the resonator is electrically floated, and its potential is decided by the relative position against the electrodes which are connected to the high voltage and the driving voltage. The induced voltage on the resonator is analyzed against the driving frequency. The resonance is found by the paired peaks in the amplitude curve. The setup for the electrical measurement can make the sensor system compact. A new sensor design for avoiding the electrical field concentration realizes the measurement over 400 V without the breakdown. This will match with the high‐voltage dc power supply system.     

Finite-dimensional decentralized VS-MRAC of non-linear interconnected distributed parameter systems

We propose a design method for finite-dimensional decentralized VS-MRAC of a class of large-scale non-linear interconnected distributed parameter systems with bounded input and output disturbances. Each equivalent control is approximated by each average control and the norm of the output error vector can be made asymptotically arbitrarily small without the ?-matrix condition, independently of the reference inputs and in spite of the presence of non-linear interconnections, unmodelled dynamics and disturbances. Furthermore, it is assured that all signals in the closed-loop system are globally ultimately uniformly bounded. Finally, we show the effectiveness of the proposed method by using a numerical example.     

应用DLA模型对钢中夹杂物凝聚过程的三维模拟

应用分形理论的DLA模型,在三维条件下模拟了钢水中夹杂物的自然凝聚行为.结果表明,三维条件下的凝聚过程同样具有不确定性;凝聚体平行于X-Y平面分层切割,各个断面上形状都有很大的区别,电子显微镜下观察到的夹杂物应该与模拟结果类似;单体凝聚模式下,随粒子间距离增加,两粒子的平均凝聚比率都按照乘幂曲线下降:集团凝聚模式下,凝聚体数量随凝聚时间的分布类似于随机理论中F分布曲线,单体粒子的数量在凝聚过程中逐渐减少:无外力条件下出钢脱氧后夹杂物粒子的平均凝聚速度要比TD和LF后期大20倍左右,中间包里小夹杂物自然凝聚成为大夹杂物的可能性不大;由集团凝聚过程可凝聚条件的探讨可知,夹杂物粒子能否凝聚取决于粒子浓度和扩散系数的组合关系,粒子凝聚曲线呈指数形式.     

大规模水-火电力系统最优潮流的现代内点算法实现

讨论了如何将现代内点非线性规划算法具体实现的问题。首先,定义了简约修正方程的变量和行的排列顺序,对简约修正方程进行行列变换,导出了一种由4T4T(T是调度周期)块状对角子矩阵组成的新的数据结构。此数据结构与节点导纳矩阵的结构相似,从而原问题的结构得到了充分利用,使得HTOPF问题易于编程与求解。为了清楚起见, 以一个4节点的简单电力系统为例展示了简约修正方程实现的过程。仿真结果表明: 所提算法具有良好的收敛特性和合理的计算时间,对于求解大规模系统问题具有广泛的应用前景。