HIPaG: An energy-efficient in-network join for distributed condition tables in sensor networks

In sensor networks, the event-detection process can be considered as a join of two relations, i.e., a sensor table and a condition table, where a condition table is a set of tuples each of which contains condition information about a certain event. When join operations are used for event-detection, it is desirable, if possible, to perform ‘in-network’ joins in order to reduce the communication cost. In this paper, we propose an in-network join algorithm, called HIPaG. In HIPaG, a condition table is partitioned into several fragments. Those fragments are stored either in paths from the base station to sensor nodes, or in groups of nodes each of which are within the broadcast range among each other. By distributing a condition table in this way, a distributed join of a sensor table and a condition table can be effectively performed in the network. The experimental results show that our proposed HIPaG works much better than the existing method.     

High-fidelity simulation of integrated single-wafer processing tools for evaluation of scheduling algorithms

Semiconductor manufacturing equipments are being integrated into complex systems that perform multiple processes in a single contained unit. An integrated single-wafer processing tool, composed of multiple single-wafer processing modules and transfer robots, has complex re-visit routing sequences, and often has critical post-processing residency constraints at the process modules. The simulation of the single-wafer processing tools presented in this paper is to test and validate on-line schedulers, and evaluate the performance of the integrated single-wafer processing tools before they are actually deployed into the fabs. The developed simulator consists of six components which are a graphic user interface, an emulator, an execution system, a manager, an analyzer and a 3D animator. The overall framework is built by using Microsoft Visual C++, and the animator is constructed by using OpenGL. The emulator has the state models of the process and transfer modules, and control functions that execute unit processes of the transfer robots. The manager checks the states of the robots, and sequentially calls these control functions to fulfill transfer commands. The execution system automatically generates contingencies with pre-defined failure lists, and determines whether the rest of the operable wafers should be further processed or discarded. The animator shows real-time 3D animation of the operation of the processing tools. The analyzer provides various performance measures such as throughput rate, cycle time, utility, and ratio of overtime to residency (ROR). Users can test and evaluate various manufacturing scenarios and configurations of the processing tools and recipes.     

Adjacent Node based Energetic Association Factor Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) consist a numerous nodes and these nodes are structured with remote transceivers. These nodes forward the message with one another by getting to the typical channel. In MANET, security is the principle challenge to be analyzed. Due to the behaviour of malevolent nodes, the network security is weakened. Along these lines, the significant goal of this research is to enhance the network security by detecting the malevolent nodes. So, for the detection of malevolent node, an effective trust management method is presented in this paper. Improving the trust score the optimized fuzzy framework is proposed. For enhancing the execution of the fuzzy framework, the triangular membership function of the input parameters is improved with the Cat Swarm Optimization. After estimating the trust score for every node in the network, threshold depend decision module is processed for detecting the activity of malevolent nodes. Implementation results illustrate that the execution of the proposed model achieves maximum network lifetime and minimum energy consumption.

     

A real-time 3D video analyzer for enhanced 3D audio–visual systems

Multimedia Systems - With the recent advent of three-dimensional (3D) sound home theater systems (HTS), more and more TV viewers are experiencing rich, immersive auditory presence at home. In this...     

Flexible Protective Film: Ultrahard,Yet Flexible Hybrid Nanocomposite Reinforced by 3D Inorganic Nanoshell Structures

Emerging flexible optoelectronics requires a new type of protective material that is not only hard but also flexible. Organic–inorganic (O–I) hybrid materials have been used as a flexible cover window to increase wear resistance and polymer-like flexibility. However, the hardness of O–I hybrid materials is much lower than that of metals and ceramics due to the low intrinsic hardness of the organic matrix and limited volume fraction of inorganic reinforcement. Herein, a new type of hybrid nanocomposite combining an O–I hybrid material with continuous and ordered 3D inorganic nanoshell as an additional reinforcement is proposed. The 3D alumina nanoshell uniformly embedded in the epoxy-siloxane molecular hybrid (ESMH) enables a rule of mixture without a loss in flexibility. Two types of reinforcements comprising siloxane molecules and 3D alumina shell ensure a metal-like hardness (1.3 GPa), which is significantly higher than that of the typical polymers and polymer nanocomposites. The 3D hybrid nanocomposite films show superb impact resistance due to the 3D alumina nanoshell that effectively suppresses crack propagation. Inch-scale 3D hybrid nanocomposite films also endure 20 000 bending cycles without failure and maintain high transparency (>82.0% at 550 nm) in the visible regions.     

Polyelemental Nanolithography via Plasma Ion Bombardment: From Fabrication to Superior H2 Sensing Application

The development of complex nanostructures containing a homo‐ and heteromixture of two or more metals is a considerable challenge in nanotechnology. However, previous approaches are considerably limited to the number of combinations of metals depending on the compatibility of elements, and to the complex shape control of the nanostructure. In this study, a significant step is taken toward resolving these limitations via the utilization of a low‐energy argon‐ion bombardment. The multilayer films are etched and re‐sputtered on the sidewall of the pre‐pattern, which is a secondary sputtering phenomenon. In contrast to the precursor mixing method, most metallic combinations can be fabricated. The degree of mixing is tuned by the control of the sequence and thickness of multilayers. In addition, the feature shape and dimensions are controlled by changing the pre‐pattern or by controlling the ion‐beam angle. Using this method, the shortest response time (2 s to 1% H₂) in comparison with those of Pd‐based H₂ sensors reported previously and a limit of detection below 1 parts per million (ppm) for Pd/Au and Pd/Pt bimetallic line arrays are achieved. This study is expected to realize a family of polyelements that can be used in various applications.     

Zwitterionic Conjugated Surfactant Functionalization of Graphene with pH‐Independent Dispersibility: An Efficient Electron Mediator for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Media

The functionalization of graphene has been extensively used as an effective route for modulating the surface property of graphene, and enhancing the dispersion stability of graphene in aqueous solutions via functionalization has been widely investigated to expand its use for various applications across a range of fields. Herein, an effective approach is described for enhancing the dispersibility of graphene in aqueous solutions at different pH levels via non‐covalent zwitterion functionalization. The results show that a surfactant with electron‐deficient carbon atoms in its backbone structure and large π–π interactive area enables strong interactions with graphene, and the zwitterionic side terminal groups of the molecule support the dispersibility of graphene in various pH conditions. Experimental and computational studies confirm that perylene diimide amino N‐oxide (PDI–NO) allows efficient functionalization and pH‐independent dispersion of graphene enabled by hydration repulsion effects induced by PDI–NO. The PDI–NO functionalized graphene is successfully used in the oxygen evolution reaction as an electron mediator for boosting the electrocatalytic activity of a Ru‐based polyoxometalate catalyst in an acidic medium. The proposed strategy is expected to bring significant advances in producing highly dispersible graphene in aqueous medium with pH‐independent stability, thus broadening the application range of graphene.     

An Efficient and Spam-Robust Proximity Measure Between Communication Entities

Electronic communication service providers are obliged to retain communication data for a certain amount of time by their local laws. The retained communication data or the communication logs are used in various applications such as crime detection, viral marketing, analytical study, and so on. Many of these applications rely on effective techniques for analyzing communication logs. In this paper, we focus on measuring the proximity between two communication entities, which is a fundamental and important step toward further analysis of communication logs, and propose a new proximity measure called ESP (Efficient and Spam-Robust Proximity measure). Our proposed measure considers only the (graph-theoretically) shortest paths between two entities and gives small values to those between spam-like entities and others. Thus, it is not only computationally efficient but also spam-robust. By conducting several experiments on real and synthetic datasets, we show that our proposed proximity measure is more accurate, computationally efficient and spam-robust than the existing measures in most cases.     

A spatio-temporal pyramid matching for video retrieval

An efficient video retrieval system is essential to search relevant video contents from a large set of video clips, which typically contain several heterogeneous video clips to match with. In this paper, we introduce a content-based video matching system that finds the most relevant video segments from video database for a given query video clip. Finding relevant video clips is not a trivial task, because objects in a video clip can constantly move over time. To perform this task efficiently, we propose a novel video matching called Spatio-Temporal Pyramid Matching (STPM). Considering features of objects in 2D space and time, STPM recursively divides a video clip into a 3D spatio-temporal pyramidal space and compares the features in different resolutions. In order to improve the retrieval performance, we consider both static and dynamic features of objects. We also provide a sufficient condition in which the matching can get the additional benefit from temporal information. The experimental results show that our STPM performs better than the other video matching methods.     

On the construction of stabilizer codes with an arbitrary binary matrix

This paper proposes a simple framework for constructing a stabilizer code with an arbitrary binary matrix. We define a relation between A ₁ and A ₂ of a binary check matrix A = (A ₁|A ₂) associated with stabilizer generators of a quantum error-correcting code. Given an arbitrary binary matrix, we can derive a pair of A ₁ and A ₂ by the relation. As examples, we illustrate two kinds of stabilizer codes: quantum LDPC codes and quantum convolutional codes. By the nature of the proposed framework, the stabilizer codes covered in this paper belong to general stabilizer (non-CSS) codes.