大规模定制环境下基于产品结构复杂度的工时定额制定研究

针对大规模定制环境下产品种类多、工时制定困难的特点,为了能够快速且准确获取产品工时,研究了产品结构复杂度与工时之间的关系,提出了一种基于产品结构复杂度的工时估算方法.综合考虑影响产品结构复杂度的各种因素后,针对决策结果的排序向量决定决策者权重,引入灰色关联理论,建立了产品结构复杂度计算模型.基于数据库中的工时信息,运用MATLAB软件进行编程确定产品结构复杂度和工时之间的函数关系.最后,以某企业产品加工工时估算实例,证明了所提出的估算方法的可行性.     

Novel prototyping method for microfluidic devices based on thermoplastic polyurethane microcapillary film

Thermoplastic polyurethane microcapillary film (TPU-MCF), as a novel extruded product, inherently contains an array of circular micron-sized capillaries embedded inside the polymer matrix. With the aid of simple laser cutting and conventional sealing technologies, a rapid prototyping method for microfluidic devices is proposed based on the ready-made microstructure of MCFs. Two functionalized microfluidic devices: serpentine micromixer and multi-droplet generator, are rapidly fabricated to demonstrate the advantages and potential of employing this new method. The whole proof-of-concept fabrication process can be completed in 8–10 min in a simple way; each procedure is repeatable with stable performance control of microfluidic devices; and the material cost can be as low as $0.01 for each device. The TPU-MCF and this novel method are expected to provide a new perspective and alternative in microfluidic community with particular requirements.     

北京地区降水结构时空演变特征

利用北京地区42个雨量站1980—2012年的小时降水数据,采用降水发生率和降水贡献率两个指标,分析不同降水历时和不同降水等级的时空演变规律以及北京地区降水日变化特征。利用非参数的Mann-Kendall检验法探讨降水结构的变化趋势,结合地形特征和城市化发展情况,本文将研究区域经验性地划分为6个子区域,评估降水历时和降水等级的空间变化特征。研究结果表明:(1)北京地区各历时降水发生率随降水历时的增加而呈幂指数递减趋势,贡献率则先降低后增加;(2)北京地区各等级降水发生率也随着等级提高而减小,而贡献率则呈现增加趋势;(3)1~3 h超短历时降水发生率在1990年代开始下降,而其他历时降水发生率则呈增加趋势,6 h以内短历时降水贡献率存在增加趋势,特别是4~6 h历时的降水贡献率变化更为显著;(4)小雨发生率存在下降趋势,其他等级降水发生率则呈增加趋势,大雨及以下等级的降水贡献率先降后升,而暴雨和大暴雨的降水贡献率则先升后降;(5)降水历时和降水等级的空间分布受地形特征的影响,短历时降水和暴雨及其以上等级降水贡献率的峰值一般位于平原地区与山区的边缘地带及城市区域。     

两种动水压力模型重力坝地震动力损伤比较分析

采用基于位移格式的流体单元与弹塑性损伤本构的固体单元分析了坝体—水库耦合系统在强震下库水对重力坝的动力响应、坝体内部应力分布以及损伤的影响。对流固耦合模型与附加质量模型的坝体损伤分析结果进行比较发现,附加质量模型不仅对上游坝面的动水压力有放大作用,而且对坝体的其他动力响应,如位移、加速度,也有不同程度的放大作用。同时,附加质量模型对地震中坝体内部应力及损伤也有一定的放大作用。可见,流固耦合模型分析大坝—水库系统相互作用更接近现实情况。     

Quasi-Newton-type optimized iterative learning control for discrete linear time invariant systems

In this paper, a quasi-Newton-type optimized iterative learning control (ILC) algorithm is investigated for a class of discrete linear time-invariant systems. The proposed learning algorithm is to update the learning gain matrix by a quasi-Newton-type matrix instead of the inversion of the plant. By means of the mathematical inductive method, the monotone convergence of the proposed algorithm is analyzed, which shows that the tracking error monotonously converges to zero after a finite number of iterations. Compared with the existing optimized ILC algorithms, due to the superlinear convergence of quasi-Newton method, the proposed learning law operates with a faster convergent rate and is robust to the ill-condition of the system model, and thus owns a wide range of applications. Numerical simulations demonstrate the validity and effectiveness.     

校园安防前景——安防行业的下一块绿洲

本文主要介绍了校园安防的发展趋势。     

基于视觉一致性的图像检索

提出一种新的彩色图像分割方法,将图像分割成具有明显视觉一致性的区域,这种一致性能够模拟人观察图像时的视觉感受,例如图像中的一片区域具有相同的颜色、纹理。对这样的一致性区域建立特征描述符,如颜色编码、连通系数、面积比例,其中颜色编码是通过将像素在HSI颜色空间中量化得到,进而为整幅图像建立特征描述;然后将这种特征描述用于图像的检索。实验结果表明,这种方法不仅能够很好地模拟图像所带给人的视觉感受,而且对具有视觉一致性的图像检索效果也有很好的表现。     

Binary-image comparison with local-dissimilarity quantification

In this paper, we present a method for binary image comparison. For binary images, intensity information is poor and shape extraction is often difficult. Therefore binary images have to be compared without using feature extraction. Due to the fact that different scene patterns can be present in the images, we propose a modified Hausdorff distance (HD) locally measured in an adaptive way. The resulting set of measures is richer than a single global measure. The local HD measures result in a local-dissimilarity map (LDMap) including the dissimilarity spatial layout. A classification of the images in function of their similarity is carried out on the LDMaps using a support vector machine. The proposed method is tested on a medieval illustration database and compared with other methods to show its efficiency.     

一级直线倒立摆匀速行走的模糊控制研究与实现

当前针对倒立摆的研究一般是把角度控制或者位置控制作为控制目标,很少着眼于速度控制,有鉴于此,设计了一种简单的模糊控制器,应用于一级直线倒立摆的匀速行走控制中;仿真实验和实物实时控制实验均验证了该控制器的有效性,对于设定的速度整定值,通过调整几个比例环节的系数,系统具有很好的动态性能指标,而且控制器在有外界扰动时体现了很好的抗扰性;考虑到实际物理系统中倒立摆行程的限制,设计的自动换向开关实现了倒立摆在一段给定的行程上匀速来回行走的控制目标,通过手动切换开关也能实现倒立摆的位置控制。