全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8971篇 |
免费 | 814篇 |
国内免费 | 16篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 122篇 |
综合类 | 15篇 |
化学工业 | 2179篇 |
金属工艺 | 350篇 |
机械仪表 | 432篇 |
建筑科学 | 137篇 |
矿业工程 | 3篇 |
能源动力 | 352篇 |
轻工业 | 927篇 |
水利工程 | 36篇 |
石油天然气 | 7篇 |
武器工业 | 1篇 |
无线电 | 1541篇 |
一般工业技术 | 2129篇 |
冶金工业 | 598篇 |
原子能技术 | 83篇 |
自动化技术 | 889篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 11篇 |
2023年 | 137篇 |
2022年 | 202篇 |
2021年 | 341篇 |
2020年 | 240篇 |
2019年 | 240篇 |
2018年 | 321篇 |
2017年 | 349篇 |
2016年 | 417篇 |
2015年 | 360篇 |
2014年 | 466篇 |
2013年 | 648篇 |
2012年 | 656篇 |
2011年 | 852篇 |
2010年 | 589篇 |
2009年 | 553篇 |
2008年 | 450篇 |
2007年 | 390篇 |
2006年 | 323篇 |
2005年 | 259篇 |
2004年 | 264篇 |
2003年 | 222篇 |
2002年 | 165篇 |
2001年 | 154篇 |
2000年 | 157篇 |
1999年 | 137篇 |
1998年 | 230篇 |
1997年 | 127篇 |
1996年 | 106篇 |
1995年 | 58篇 |
1994年 | 64篇 |
1993年 | 46篇 |
1992年 | 36篇 |
1991年 | 23篇 |
1990年 | 23篇 |
1989年 | 24篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 15篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 7篇 |
1971年 | 7篇 |
1970年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有9801条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Mike Barbeck Marie-Luise Schrder Said Alkildani Ole Jung Ronald E. Unger 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(9)
In addition to their chemical composition various physical properties of synthetic bone substitute materials have been shown to influence their regenerative potential and to influence the expression of cytokines produced by monocytes, the key cell-type responsible for tissue reaction to biomaterials in vivo. In the present study both the regenerative potential and the inflammatory response to five bone substitute materials all based on β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), but which differed in their physical characteristics (i.e., granule size, granule shape and porosity) were analyzed for their effects on monocyte cytokine expression. To determine the effects of the physical characteristics of the different materials, the proliferation of primary human osteoblasts growing on the materials was analyzed. To determine the immunogenic effects of the different materials on human peripheral blood monocytes, cells cultured on the materials were evaluated for the expression of 14 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, i.e., IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, VEGF, RANTES, IL-12p40, I-CAM, IL-4, V-CAM, TNF-α, GM-CSF, MIP-1α, Il-8 and MCP-1 using a Bio-Plex® Multiplex System. The granular shape of bone substitutes showed a significant influence on the osteoblast proliferation. Moreover, smaller pore sizes, round granular shape and larger granule size increased the expression of GM-CSF, RANTES, IL-10 and IL-12 by monocytes, while polygonal shape and the larger pore sizes increased the expression of V-CAM. The physical characteristics of a bone biomaterial can influence the proliferation rate of osteoblasts and has an influence on the cytokine gene expression of monocytes in vitro. These results indicate that the physical structure of a biomaterial has a significant effect of how cells interact with the material. Thus, specific characteristics of a material may strongly affect the regenerative potential in vivo. 相似文献
82.
83.
Annica Prhl Milijana Batinic Said Alkildani Michael Hahn Milena Radenkovic Stevo Najman Ole Jung Mike Barbeck 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(9)
The present in vivo study analyses both the inflammatory tissue reactions and the bone healing capacity of a newly developed bone substitute material (BSM) based on xenogeneic bone substitute granules combined with hyaluronate (HY) as a water-binding molecule. The results of the hyaluronate containing bone substitute material (BSM) were compared to a control xenogeneic BSM of the same chemical composition and a sham operation group up to 16 weeks post implantationem. A major focus of the study was to analyze the residual hyaluronate and its effects on the material-dependent healing behavior and the inflammatory tissue responses. The study included 63 male Wistar rats using the calvaria implantation model for 2, 8, and 16 weeks post implantationem. Established and Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)-conforming histological, histopathological, and histomorphometrical analysis methods were conducted. The results showed that the new hyaluronate containing BSM was gradually integrated within newly formed bone up to the end of the study that ended in a condition of complete bone defect healing. Thereby, no differences to the healing capacity of the control BSM were found. However, the bone formation in both groups was continuously significantly higher compared to the sham operation group. Additionally, no differences in the (inflammatory) tissue response that was analyzed via qualitative and (semi-) quantitative methods were found. Interestingly, no differences were found between the numbers of pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages between the three study groups over the entire course of the study. No signs of the HY as a water-binding part of the BSM were histologically detectable at any of the study time points, altogether the results of the present study show that HY allows for an optimal material-associated bone tissue healing comparable to the control xenogeneic BSM. The added HY seems to be degraded within a very short time period of less than 2 weeks so that the remaining BSM granules allow for a gradual osteoconductive bone regeneration. Additionally, no differences between the inflammatory tissue reactions in both material groups and the sham operation group were found. Thus, the new hyaluronate containing xenogeneic BSM and also the control BSM have been shown to be fully biocompatible without any differences regarding bone regeneration. 相似文献
84.
Woohyeon Shin Jun Seop Kim Heesung Kim Hui Ju Choi Hee Jung Lee Moon Kwang Um Moon Kee Choi Kyeongwoon Chung 《大分子材料与工程》2021,306(5):2100007
Hydrogels are recognized as one of the most promising materials for e-skin devices because of their unique applicable functionalities such as flexibility, stretchability, biocompatibility, and conductivity. Beyond the excellent sensing functionalities, the e-skin devices further need to secure a target-oriented 3D structure to be applied onto various body parts having complex 3D shapes. However, most e-skin devices are still fabricated in simple 2D film-type devices, and it is an intriguing issue to fabricate complex 3D e-skin devices resembling target body parts via 3D printing. Here, a material design guideline is provided to prepare multifunctional hydrogels and their target-oriented 3D structures based on extrusion-based 3D printing. The material design parameters to realize target-oriented 3D structures via 3D printing are systematically derived from the correlation between material design of hydrogels and their gelation characteristics, rheological properties, and 3D printing processability for extrusion-based 3D printing. Based on the suggested material design window, ion conductive self-healable hydrogels are designed and successfully applied to extrusion-based 3D printing to realize various 3D shapes. 相似文献
85.
Jinhong Kim Junho Jang Sehui Yun Hyeon Deok Kim You Young Byun Yong Tae Park Jung Il Song Chungyeon Cho 《大分子材料与工程》2021,306(9):2100233
In an effort to develop highly functionalized flame retardant materials, hybrid nanocoatings are prepared by alternately depositing a positively charged polyaniline (PANi) and negatively charged montmorillonite (MMT) using the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are employed in polymer nanocomposites as effective reinforcement, where nanotubes are stabilized in MMT aqueous solution. The 3D structure and high density of CNTs deposited in the PANi/CNTs-MMT multilayers produce thicker and heavier coatings in comparison to the LbL assemblies without CNTs. Vertical and horizontal flame testing show that the incorporation of CNTs improves fire resistance. Additionally, cone calorimetry reveals that stacking two nanomaterials (MMT and CNTs) in a single coating shows a significant reduction in peak heat release rate (up to 51%), total smoke release (up to 47%), and total heat release (up to 37%) for the polyurethane foam. The enhancement of flame retardancy is attributed to a synergistic effect; MMT serves as a physical barrier that retards the diffusion of heat and gas. The addition of CNTs strengthens the thermal stability and high char yield. These results, coupled with the simplicity with which the LbL deposition is applied, present a viable alternative to halogen-free flame retardant nanocoatings to natural and synthetic fibers. 相似文献
86.
Seungmin Ahn Hoyoung Jung Prof. Dr. Jung-Min Kee 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2021,22(2):319-325
Protein phosphorylation is one of the most studied post-translational modifications (PTMs). Despite the remarkable advances in phosphoproteomics, a chemically less-stable subset of the phosphosites, which we call the crypto-phosphoproteome, has remained underexplored due to technological challenges. In this Viewpoint, we briefly summarize the current understanding of these elusive protein phosphorylations and identify the missing pieces for future studies. 相似文献
87.
Effects of intermetallic compound on the electrical and mechanical properties of friction welded Cu/Al bimetallic joints during annealing 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Al/Cu metal joints applied for the electrical connector was joined by the friction welding method to limit the formation of intermetallic compound under optimum friction welding condition. To guarantee the reliability of the Al/Cu joints in service requirement, the effects of the intermetallic compound layer on the electrical and mechanical properties have been investigated under various annealing conditions. Two kinds of intermetallic compounds layer were formed in the joints interface and identified by AlCu and Al2Cu. The growth kinetic of these intermetallics during the annealing can be followed by volume diffusion process. The activation energy of Al2Cu, AlCu and total intermetallic compound (AlCu + Al2Cu) represented 107.5, 98.42 and 110.22 kJ/mol, respectively. A thicker intermetallic compound layers could seriously degrade the electrical resistivity and tensile strength. The electrical resistivity with 21 μm thickness of intermetallic compound was 45 μΩ cm and increased to be 85 μΩ cm with 107 μm of intermetallic compound. Tensile strength remarkably decreased from 85 MPa to near zero at the annealing condition of 773 K and 129.6 ks and fracture occurred through the intermetallic compound layers. 相似文献
88.
By measuring Tg, Tm and Tc (cloud point) phase diagrams for the four miscible blends of chlorinated isotactic polypropylenes (chlorine content 39.2 (CPP-40) and 49.8 wt.-% (CP-50)) with Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)s (vinyl acetate contents 40 (EVA-40) and 45 wt.-% (EVA-45)) were investigated. The blend of CPP-50 with EVA-40 was the most compatible of the four blend pairs. 相似文献
89.
Sergey Kucheiko Ji-Won Choi Hyun-Jai Kim Hyung-Jin Jung 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1996,79(10):2739-2743
The microwave dielectric properties of CaTi1-χ (Al1/2 Ta1/2 )cH O3 solid solutions (0.3 ≤χ≤ 0.5) have been investigated. The ceramic samples had perovskite structures similar to CaTiO3 . The partial substitution of Ti4+ by a coupled Al3+ /Tas+ permitted improvement of the quality factor Q . The dielectric constant (τr ) and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τr ) decrease rapidly with an increase of χ. A new high-quality microwave dielectric material was found at χ= 0.46 with σr = 46.5, Q f = 27300 GHz, and πf = 0 ppm/°C. The relationship between microstructures and dielectric properties is presented. 相似文献
90.
H. R. Spiegel J. Juilfs U. Neubert K. J. Euler J. W. Beck D. Besdo H. Winter H. Becker W. Neuberger R. Jung K. Herfort H. Bühler H. Göppl H. W. Hahnemann W. Siegel 《Forschung im Ingenieurwesen》1970,36(2):64-68
Ohne Zusammenfassung
VDI 相似文献