Hydrothermal Synthesis of Acicular Lead Titanate Fine Powders

A pure, acicular lead titanate (PbTiO₃) fine powder with a white color has been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. It is a new phase of PbTiO₃ with I 4 symmetry, cell parameters of a = 12.358 Å and b = 14.541 Å, and a density of 6.80 g.cm⁻³. The influences of pH (12.5 to 14.4), Pb/Ti ratio (1.0 to 1.6) in the feedstock, reaction temperature (130° to 230°C), time (0.25 to 4 h), starting materials, and additives on the formation of acicular PbTiO₃ under hydrothermal conditions have been investigated. The acicular PbTiO₃ with I 4 symmetry, referred to as the PX phase, can be converted to the perovskite-type (PE phase) of PbTiO₃ at about 605°C while its acicular morphology is essentially unchanged. The preferable conditions for preparing pure acicular PX-phase PbTiO₃ are that the pH is 13.0 to 14.0, Pb/Ti ratio is >1.3, reaction temperature is 170° to 200°C, time is 0.5 to 1.0 h, titanium butoxide (Ti[O(CH₂)₃CH₃]₄) is the starting material, and poly(vinyl alcohol) is an additive. The acicular grain of the PX phase is usually less than 100 nm in diameter and more than 1000 nm in length.     

Auto-analysis system for graphite morphology of grey cast iron

The current method to classify graphite morphology types of grey cast iron is based on traditional subjective observation, and it cannot be used for quantitative analysis. Since microstructures have a great effect on the mechanical properties of grey cast iron and different types have totally different characters, six types of grey cast iron are discussed and an image-processing software subsystem that performs the classification and quantitative analysis automatically based on a kind of composed feature vector and artificial neural network (ANN) is described. There are three kinds of texture features: fractal dimension, roughness and two-dimension autoregression, which are used as an extracted feature input vector of ANN classifier. Compared with using only one, the checkout correct precision increased greatly. On the other hand, to achieve the quantitative analysis and show the different types clearly, the region segmentation idea was applied to the system. The percentages of the regions with different type are reported correctly. Furthermore, this paper tentatively introduces a new empirical method to decide the number of ANN hidden nodes, which are usually considered as a difficulty in ANN structure decision. It was found that the optimum hidden node number of the experimental data was the same as that obtained using the new method.     

四川盆地碳酸盐岩裂缝预测的新方法

本文提出了碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层的一种新评价方法——古构造应力场数值模拟法。在模拟的基础上,本文探讨了不同性质应力场的特征及其对裂缝发育的控制作用,总结了应力场特征与构造形迹的关系进而提出了预测裂缝发育区带的一些基本原则与方法,为优选探井井位、提高裂缝钻遇率、降低勘探成本提供了科学的地质依据。     

我国炼油工业发展面临的挑战及对策

阐述了我国炼油工业的发展成就及当前存在的问题,指出了我国炼油工业面临的新要求和新挑战,提出了我国炼油工业的发展方向和对策。     

金竹山电厂50MW机组启停调峰试验研究

通过试验分析，金竹山电厂５０ＷＭ机组可采用启停调峰运行方式；提出了一些改进方法和措施；找出了最佳的启停方案。     

角对角双子塔的气动特性及其抗风设计

为了给角对角双子塔的抗风设计提供参考,采用同步测压风洞试验方法,从结构风荷载与风振加速度的角度研究了角对角双子塔在不同间距和不同风向角下的气动特性与风振响应特点。研究结果表明：就风致响应而言,角对角双子塔存在两个最不利风向角,分别为斜向45°左右和近串联方向的80°左右;在45°风向角附近,角对角双子塔会出现振幅较大的横风向涡激振动,但受到双塔间的气动干扰作用,相应的横风向涡激振动将小于独塔情况,且双塔间有利的气动干扰作用对上游塔比对下游塔更加明显;在80°风向角附近时下游塔将受到上游塔的尾流影响,有可能出现较大振幅的尾流抖振响应;45°左右风向角产生的横风向涡激振动主要出现在亚临界至临界风速下,风速相对较低;80°左右风向角出现的尾流抖振主要发生在超临界风速下,风速相对较高。考虑到大多数超高层建筑的设计风速都小于或接近涡激临界风速,因此控制45°风向下的横风向涡激振动是抗风设计的关键。在这种情况下,采用较小间距的角对角双子塔对抗风设计有利。     

生姜提取物对Q235钢在盐酸溶液中的缓蚀作用

通过乙醇回流提取法制备生姜提取物(GE),研究GE对Q235钢在浓度为1mol/LHCl溶液中的缓蚀作用及作用机理。结果显示：GE对Q235钢的缓蚀性能随其浓度的增大而增强,40℃时GE质量浓度0.20g/L后,缓蚀率趋于稳定,达93%以上;GE对钢片的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温方程,是一种混合型缓蚀剂,主要抑制...     

厌氧复合床处理模拟焦化废水的反硝化动力学

采用厌氧复合床(UBF)处理模拟焦化废水,进水中投加NaNO₃模拟硝化液回流,实现了同时反硝化/产甲烷,COD去除率达到94%,NO₃^--N去除率达到99%。取复合床下部污泥做反硝化动力学研究,在存在亚硝酸盐积累的情况下,以NO₃^--N+0.6NO₂^--N作为反硝化电子受体,采用双基质的Monod方程对实验数据进行拟合,拟合曲线与实验测定值相关性良好。其次,采用双基质的Monod微分方程组对NO₃^--N和NO₂^--N的浓度变化进行拟合,得到相关参数:硝态氮的最大比降解速率和半饱和常数分别为1.13 d^-1和2.0 mg·L^-1;亚硝态氮的最大比降解速率和半饱和常数分别为0.66 d^-1和2.5 mg·L^-1,基于硝态氮和亚硝态氮的有机物半饱和常数分别为90.8 mg·L^-1和96.8 mg·L^-1。     

基于分布式基站池的电力光载无线系统

为加强电力接入通信网络的建设,更好地满足电力应用的需求,依托电力系统已有专用光纤和无线通信资源,并借鉴分布式基站在公网通信中的建设模式,提出基于分布式基站池的电力光载无线通信系统。将基带处理单元以池的形式进行划分管理,并以分布式的方式进行信息交互和数据处理,同时,从远端单元侧、传输通道侧及基站池侧三个方面来实现基于认知的资源优化调度使用。理论分析表明,新系统可充分利用电力专用通信资源,适应电力通信接入网网架结构。     

Thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of polyimide composites with mixed fillers of BN flakes and SiC@SiO2 whiskers

Polyimide (PI) composites with mixed fillers of BN flakes and SiC whiskers exhibit enhanced thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. In order to improve dispersion and interaction of these mixed fillers within the PI matrix, BN flakes were modified by a titanate coupling agent while SiC whiskers were oxidized at 750°C for 60 minutes to produce SiC@SiO₂ followed by silane coupling agent modification. PI composites reached a maximum thermal conductivity of 0.95 W/m K at volume fraction of mixed fillers of 27.6 vol% when the weight ratio of BN flakes to SiC@SiO₂ whiskers was 1:4. The enhanced thermal conductivity is likely attributed to the formation of heat conductive networks constructed by BN flakes and SiC@SiO₂ whiskers and the improved interfacial affinity between fillers and matrix. The optimized Nielsen-mold confirms the distribution and morphology of fillers affect the thermal conductivity of PI composites. In addition, SiC whiskers enhanced the mechanical property of PI composites and the influence of fillers on the mechanical property was further elaborated.