Water consumption of the early-age paste and the determination of “time-zero” of self-desiccation shrinkage

Self-desiccation shrinkage (SDS) is closely related to the interior water consumption and the relative humidity (IRH) drop in the cement paste. Substantial self-desiccation shrinkage has been observed at very early-age for high performance concrete. However, it is difficult to investigate the IRH by conventional method of hygrometer at this time because the materials are still in the superhygroscopic range. In this paper, an automatically measuring system of meniscus depression is developed on the base of the mechanism of tensiometer and Laplace formula. The interior water consumption and the IRH changing within the paste could be automatically monitored at the very early-age (here specially refers to the stage from the beginning of casting till several hours after final setting). By using this system, the effects of water to binder ratio and replacement of cement by fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag on the self-desiccation were investigated for the very early-age cement paste. Experimental results could potentially explain the mechanism of the SDS at very early-age as well as determine the “time-zero” of SDS corresponding to its definition.     

基于设计决定的逐步求精方法及环境

逐步描述、变换及证明的软件开发过程包含两个转换,一是从非形式的用户需求到形式描述,一是从形式描述到算法实现。开发过程中的关键是如何做出设计决定。为了更好地维护、重用软件以及程序证明,不仅仅要对软件的形式描述及实现做文档记录,也要记下开发过程中所做的每一步决定。我 们用两个例子来说明如上这种逐步求精的方法以及设计决定在其中所起的作用,并且我们实现了一个包括SPEC、OOMM、PROT、VERI几个子系统组成的环境来支持上述过程。     

糯扎渡水电站地下引水发电系统的施工方法

糯扎渡水电站地下引水发电系统不仅施工难度大，而且施工工期长、干扰多。对其施工通道布置、主要洞室施工方法及施工期通风等施工关键技术进行了分析研究，进而探讨了大型地下洞室群施工的施工方法。     

Preparation and properties of polymer/LDH nanocomposite used for UV curing coatings

The thermal and mechanical properties of UV curing coatings consisted of urethane acrylates as an oligomer and a diacrylate monomer were reinforced by using layered double hydroxide (LDH). The LDH was organically modified by an ion-exchange process, in which the nitrate anions were replaced by long alkyl sulfate anions. With organic modification, the d-spacing of inorganic LDH layers was greatly enlarged to 2.75 from 0.78 nm, leading the LDH to be organophilic. During in situ photopolymerization process, the d-spacing of LDH layers was further enlarged to 4.29 nm, indicating the intercalation of polymer chains. For comparison, polymer/LDH nanocomposite filled with un-modified LDH was also prepared, and showed less enhancement in thermal and mechanical properties.     

瓷石尾砂玻璃马赛克的研制

根据瓷石尾砂的矿物工艺特性，采用合理科学的配方和相应的熔融法生产工艺技术，以瓷石尾砂为主要原料，取代石英砂和部分熔剂原料，成功地研制出尾砂玻璃马赛克，产品性能按国标ＧＢ７６９７－８７检测，各项指标完全达到要求。研究成果为瓷石尾砂的综合利用开辟了新领域。     

钢球对轴承性能的影响

着重介绍了钢球的各项技术指标对轴承振动和噪音的影响,对降低振动和噪音,提高轴承质量一定借鉴作用。     

高氯酸盐对Al-MnO2纳米铝热剂热性能及燃烧性能的影响

为了研究高氯酸盐对纳米铝热剂反应性能的影响,选用高氯酸钾（KClO₄）和高氯酸铵（NH₄ClO₄）作为添加剂,采用静电喷雾法分别制备KClO₄-Al-MnO₂和NH₄ClO₄-Al-MnO₂纳米复合材料样品。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）观察了样品的微观形貌;采用同步热分析技术（TG-DSC）研究了样品的放热过程和反应活化能,结合X射线衍射技术（XRD）分析了反应后产物的成分,使用快速电热丝实验对比研究了样品的燃烧过程和燃烧速率。结果显示,纳米Al粉和MnO₂集中分布在高氯酸盐基底上;由于MnO₂的催化作用,KClO₄和NH₄ClO₄均在铝热反应发生前出现分解放热过程,其中NH₄ClO₄的分解放热量显著高于KClO₄;KClO₄和NH₄ClO₄的引入,使体系中铝热剂的相对含量降低,导致铝热反应的峰值温度分别推迟了21 ℃和31 ℃。KClO₄-Al-MnO₂的产物主要为Mn₃O₄,而NH₄ClO₄-Al-MnO₂的产物主要为MnO,NH₄ClO₄可以提高MnO₂中O元素的利用率。高氯酸盐的引入可降低体系发生铝热反应的活化能,降低量大于35%,并能够有效提高铝热剂的反应速率;在发火实验中,直接表现为火焰的快速成长、扩散和消退,但是高氯酸盐的引入也将降低火焰的明亮程度和大小。     

基于车辆荷载的锈损公路桥梁疲劳性能试验研究

采用湿盐砂锈蚀方法获得腐蚀环境钢筋混凝土劣化试件,选取与车辆荷载作用下公路桥梁实际承受的疲劳应力水平,通过8根锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的弯曲疲劳试验,分析了锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的疲劳破坏形态及应力水平和钢筋锈蚀率对梁疲劳性能的影响规律。试验结果表明,锈蚀梁的疲劳破坏形态为主筋脆性断裂;在设计应力水平作用下,疲劳加载满足规范200万次要求;在桥梁实际应力水平作用下,未锈蚀试验梁的平均疲劳寿命较规范值减少6.71%;锈蚀较严重的试验梁疲劳寿命较规范值减少13.57%,较同应力水平的未锈蚀梁疲劳寿命减少42.54%,锈蚀对试验梁的疲劳寿命影响显著。随着疲劳循环次数的增加,锈蚀梁钢筋内部出现疲劳损伤、抗弯刚度逐渐退化,混凝土残余应变累积,裂缝演变基本符合快速增加、稳定发展、急剧变化的“三阶段”发展规律。根据试验结果,建立S-N疲劳寿命方程,提出了锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁疲劳寿命计算方法,研究结果为桥梁结构疲劳性能评估提供理论依据。