Physical and electrical characterization of yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin films deposited by sputtering and atomic-layer deposition

The physical, chemical, and electrical characteristics of intercalated nano-layers of Y₂O₃ and ZrO₂, sequentially deposited by sputtering and thermal atomic-layer deposition (ALD), are reported in order to assess their use as electronic and/or ionic conductor. In general, the physical and chemical properties of sputtered and ALD-YSZ show good characteristics while a relatively high dielectric constant of about 30, along with a large capacitance–voltage hysteresis, are obtained for ALD-YSZ. Additionally, using inert or reactive metals as gate electrodes on YSZ/n-Si structures, promotes a change in the conduction of electronic and ionic species of YSZ and their influence is also reported.     

Social Media and Citizen Participation in “Official” and “Unofficial” Electoral Promotion: A Structural Analysis of the 2016 Bernie Sanders Digital Campaign

Drawing on interviews with leaders of the effort to promote the 2016 Bernie Sanders U.S. presidential candidacy on social media, this study contrasts the structure and content of various organizational networks to map the hybrid ecosystem of the contemporary digital campaign. While the “official” Sanders organization built applications to transform supporters into a tightly controlled distribution network for its social media messaging, this was complemented by “unofficial” grassroots networks that circulated more informal and culturally oriented appeals. The latter are classified according to the models of organizationally enabled and self-organized connective action in digital social movements, with structural differences in oversight and moderation that suggest varying levels of creative autonomy for citizens and reputational risk for the associated campaigns.     

Making Sense: The MIX House

In an effort to challenge the dominance of vision over the other senses in architectural experience, Joel Sanders and Karen Van Lengen infuse a speculative domestic environment with digital audio technology. Their design capitalises on the augmentation of aural–visual boundaries via technological interventions, ultimately recasting the house from a private and insulated environment to that of a hybridised interactive site. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

便于功率因数校正的控制器NCP1601

临界导电模式(BCM)目前是满足中低功率应用中功率因数校正(PFC)稳压的最常用方案.但是,这种解决方案的开关频率的方差很大,使得在噪声敏感和大功率范围应用中实现BCM电路很困难.为了克服这个缺点,安森美半导体开发了一个创新的功率因数控制器-NCP1601,可以在固定频率和不连续导电模式(DCM)中工作.为了达到整功率因数,电路根据在先前开关周期中测得的死区时间长度调制功率开关导电时间.本文讲述NCP1601方案和功能.     

Improvement of soft soils using geogrid encased stone columns

In recent years, geotextile encasement has been used to extend the use of stone columns to extremely soft soils. Although the technique is now well established, little research has been undertaken on the use of other encasement materials such as geogrid. This paper discusses the results of a series of small-scale model column tests that were undertaken to investigate the behaviour of geogrid encased columns. The tests focused on studying the effect of varying the length of encasement and investigating whether a column that was partially encased with geogrid would behave similarly to a fully-encased column. In addition, isolated column behaviour was compared to group column behaviour. The results of partially encased column tests indicated a steady reduction in vertical strain with increasing encased length for both isolated columns and group columns. Bulging of the column was observed to occur directly beneath the base of the encasement. A significant increase in column stiffness and further reduction in column strain was observed for fully-encased columns, with strain reductions in the order of 80%. This range of performance may lend the techniques of partial and full geogrid encasement to a series of potential site applications.     

A new property evaluation scheme for mass transfer analysis in fire problems

A simple scheme for the estimation of average thermo-physical properties has been presented. Properties such as thermal conductivity and specific heat have been calculated at suitable temperatures, which are functions of the ambient and the adiabatic flame temperatures. These have been successfully employed in the empirical correlations available in standard combustion text books for the estimation of burning rate constants and flame stand-off distances in the combustion of liquid and solid fuels. The average thermal conductivity is estimated as the thermal conductivity of standard air calculated at a temperature given as one-third of the sum of ambient and the adiabatic flame temperatures. The average specific heat is calculated as the specific heat of standard air at the adiabatic flame temperature itself. Extensive validation of the scheme with the experimental data is presented employing several liquid fuels and a solid fuel.     

Comparative Toxicity of Mycotoxins to Navel Orangeworm (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Amyelois transitella</Emphasis>) and Corn Earworm <Emphasis Type="Italic">(Helicoverpa zea)</Emphasis>

Mycotoxins, such as aflatoxins and ochratoxins, are widely distributed in nature and are frequently problematic crop contaminants that cause millions of dollars of annual losses in the United States. Insect infestations of crop plants significantly exacerbate mycotoxin contamination. Damage to a variety of nut species by Amyelois transitella Walker (navel orangeworm, NOW) is associated with infection by Aspergillus species and concomitant production of aflatoxins and ochratoxins. Resistance to aflatoxins in this lepidopteran is compared here with the levels of resistance in Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm, CEW), another lepidopteran that routinely encounters aflatoxins in its diet, albeit at lower levels. Measured as the developmental delay caused by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), it is apparent that the LC₅₀ (defined as the concentration preventing 50% of newly hatched larvae from entering the 2nd instar within 48 h) for AFB1 is 100 times greater for A. transitella than for H. zea. Similarly, A. transitella 1st instars display substantially higher tolerance to ochratoxin A, another mycotoxin contaminant produced by Aspergillus species, than do H. zea. Our studies indicate that A. transitella, although a hostplant generalist, may well be highly specialized for mycotoxin detoxification.     

6‐Amino‐6‐deoxy‐5,6‐di‐N‐(N′‐octyliminomethylidene)nojirimycin: Synthesis,Biological Evaluation,and Crystal Structure in Complex with Acid β‐Glucosidase

6‐Amino‐6‐deoxy‐5,6‐di‐ N ‐( N ′‐octyliminomethylidene)nojirimycin , a reducing analogue of N‐nonyl‐1‐deoxynojirimycin, proved to be a potent and very selective inhibitor of β‐glucosidases, including human acid β‐glucosidase. Structural studies of the enzyme–inhibitor complex showed a binding mode in which the anomeric hydroxy group is accommodated in the “wrong” α configuration.

     

Flexiflame^TM——燃烧器设计的重大突破

自1885年5月Frederik Ransome先生发明第一个用于水泥熟料生产的回转窑并申请专利以来,由于能源本身的改变及废物处理的开始或者是由于对环境的关注,生产技术人员面对的问题正逐年改变。除了冷却机、预热器和分解炉工艺技术之外,燃烧器也以实现最大化的工作灵活性为目标在发展,以应对水泥窑可能出现的任何变化。顺着这个节奏Greco—Enfil最新的技术进展叉使之向前迈进了一步,这个进展即是本文所介绍的Flexiflame^TM。     

Least-squares analysis of data with uncertainty in x and y: A Monte Carlo methods comparison

The least-squares analysis of data with error in x and y is generally thought to yield best results when the quantity minimized is the sum of the properly weighted squared residuals in x and in y. As an alternative to this “total variance” (TV) method, “effective variance” (EV) methods convert the uncertainty in x into an effective contribution to that in y, and though easier to use are considered to be less reliable. There are at least two EV methods, differing in how the weights are treated in the optimization. One of these is identical to the TV method for fits to a straight line. The formal differences among these methods are clarified, and Monte Carlo simulations are used to examine the statistical properties of each on the widely used straight-line model of York, a quadratic variation on this, Orear's hyperbolic model, a nonlinear binding (Langmuir) model, and Wentworth's kinetics model. The simulations confirm that the EV and TV methods are statistically equivalent in the limit of small data error, where they yield unbiased, normally distributed parameter estimates, with standard errors correctly predicted by the a priori covariance matrix. With increasing data error, these properties fail to hold; and the TV method is not always statistically best. Nonetheless, the method differences should seldom be of practical significance, since they are likely to be small compared with uncertainties from incomplete information about the data error in x and y.