全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2350篇 |
免费 | 24篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 18篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
化学工业 | 204篇 |
金属工艺 | 70篇 |
机械仪表 | 19篇 |
建筑科学 | 73篇 |
矿业工程 | 2篇 |
能源动力 | 44篇 |
轻工业 | 131篇 |
水利工程 | 5篇 |
石油天然气 | 4篇 |
无线电 | 148篇 |
一般工业技术 | 233篇 |
冶金工业 | 1254篇 |
原子能技术 | 5篇 |
自动化技术 | 163篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 9篇 |
2021年 | 18篇 |
2020年 | 11篇 |
2019年 | 11篇 |
2018年 | 14篇 |
2017年 | 22篇 |
2016年 | 21篇 |
2015年 | 32篇 |
2014年 | 30篇 |
2013年 | 60篇 |
2012年 | 42篇 |
2011年 | 67篇 |
2010年 | 55篇 |
2009年 | 52篇 |
2008年 | 56篇 |
2007年 | 58篇 |
2006年 | 41篇 |
2005年 | 49篇 |
2004年 | 44篇 |
2003年 | 45篇 |
2002年 | 44篇 |
2001年 | 31篇 |
2000年 | 28篇 |
1999年 | 71篇 |
1998年 | 391篇 |
1997年 | 226篇 |
1996年 | 168篇 |
1995年 | 101篇 |
1994年 | 125篇 |
1993年 | 84篇 |
1992年 | 25篇 |
1991年 | 27篇 |
1990年 | 30篇 |
1989年 | 23篇 |
1988年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 16篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1985年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 15篇 |
1980年 | 17篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 35篇 |
1976年 | 66篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有2374条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Leonid B. Freidovich Pedro La Hera Uwe Mettin Anders Robertsson Anton S. Shiriaev Rolf Johansson 《Asian journal of control》2009,11(5):548-556
We consider an underactuated two‐link robot called the inertia wheel pendulum. The system consists of a free planar rotational pendulum and a symmetric disk attached to its end, which is directly controlled by a DC‐motor. The goal is to create stable oscillations of the pendulum, which is not directly actuated. We exploit a recently proposed feedback‐control design strategy based on motion planning via virtual holonomic constraints. This strategy is shown to be useful for design of regulators for achieving orbitally exponentially stable oscillatory motions. The main contribution is a step‐by‐step procedure on how to achieve oscillations with pre‐specified amplitude from a given range and an arbitrary independently chosen period. The theoretical results are verified via experiments with a real hardware setup. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society 相似文献
42.
A. P. Litvinchuk C. Thomsen M. Cardona L. Börjesson M. Käll P. Berastegui L. -G. Johansson 《Journal of Superconductivity》1994,7(1):113-116
We report a reflectivity study of thez-polarized TO-phonons of Pr
x
Y1–x
Ba2Cu4O8 and YBa2–y
Sr
y
Cu4O8 alloys in the temperature range 10–300 K. Anomalies of the frequency and linewidth of the plane-oxygen vibration at300 cm–1 due to the opening of the superconducting gap are found to occur upon crossing the superconducting transition temperatureT
c
. Phonon self-energy effects are strongly dependent onT
c
, providing evidence for a relative shift of the gap with respect to the energy of phonon.On leave from the Institute for Semiconductor Physics, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, 252650 Kiev-28, Ukraine. 相似文献
43.
L. Marin A. Karageorghis D. Lesnic B. T. Johansson 《Inverse Problems in Science & Engineering》2017,25(5):652-673
An inverse problem in static thermo-elasticity is investigated. The aim is to reconstruct the unspecified boundary data, as well as the temperature and displacement inside a body from over-specified boundary data measured on an accessible portion of its boundary. The problem is linear but ill-posed. The uniqueness of the solution is established but the continuous dependence on the input data is violated. In order to reconstruct a stable and accurate solution, the method of fundamental solutions is combined with Tikhonov regularization where the regularization parameter is selected based on the L-curve criterion. Numerical results are presented in both two and three dimensions showing the feasibility and ease of implementation of the proposed technique. 相似文献
44.
BE Stein 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,123(1-2):124-135
The ability to integrate information from different sensory systems is a fundamental characteristic of the brain. Because different bits of information are derived from different sensory channels, their synthesis markedly enhances the detection and identification of external stimuli. The neural substrate for such "multisensory" integration is provided by neurons that receive convergent input from two or more sensory modalities. Many such multisensory neurons are found in the superior colliculus (SC), a midbrain structure that plays a significant role in overt attentive and orientation behaviors. The various principles governing the integration of visual, auditory, and somatosensory inputs in SC neurons have been explored in several species. Thus far, the evidence suggests a remarkable conservation of integrative features during vertebrate evolution. One of the most robust of these principles is based on spatial relationships: a striking enhancement in activity is induced in a multisensory neuron when two different sensory stimuli (e.g., visual and auditory) are in spatial concordance, whereas a profound response depression can be induced when these cues are spatially discordant. The most extensive physiological observations have been made in cat, and in this species the same principles that have been shown to govern multisensory integration at the level of the individual SC neuron have also been shown to govern overt attentive and orientation responses to multisensory stimuli. Most surprising, however, is the critical role played by association (i.e. anterior ectosylvian) cortex in facilitating these midbrain processes. In the absence of the modulating corticotectal influences, multisensory SC neurons in cat are unable to integrate the different sensory cues converging upon them in an adult-like fashion, and are unable to mediate overt multisensory behaviors. This situation appears quite similar to that observed during early postnatal life. When multisensory SC neurons first appear, they are able to respond to multiple sensory inputs but are unable to synthesize these inputs to significantly enhance or degrade their responses. During ontogeny, individual multisensory neurons develop this capacity abruptly, but at very different ages, until the mature population condition is reached after several postnatal months. It appears likely that the abrupt onset of this capacity in any individual SC neuron reflects the maturation of inputs from anterior ectosylvian cortex. Presumably, the functional coupling of cortex with an individual SC neuron is essential to initiate and maintain that neuron's capability for multisensory integration throughout its life. 相似文献
45.
H Düppe P G?rdsell BS Hanson O Johnell BE Nilsson 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,50(2):170-173
OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of participation rate in sampling on "normative" bone mass data. DESIGN: This was a comparison between two randomly selected samples from the same population. The participation rates in the two samples were 61.9% and 83.6%. Measurements were made of bone mass at different skeletal sites and of muscle strength, as well as an assessment of physical activity. SETTING: Malm?, Sweden. SUBJECTS: There were 230 subjects (117 men, 113 women), aged 21 to 42 years. RESULTS: Many subjects participated in both studies (163). Those who took part only in the study with the higher participation rate (67) almost invariably had higher values for bone mass density at the sites measured (up to 7.6% for men) than participants in the study with the lower participation rate. No differences in muscle strength were recorded. CONCLUSION: A high degree of compliance is important to achieve a reliable result in determining normal values in population based studies. 相似文献
46.
Increasingly, customer companies hire external information technology (IT) consultants, often on a special project basis. These consultants are employees of professional service firms, although they receive their assignments from the hiring companies, report to them, and are supervised by them. Using semistructured interviews with 12 IT consultants in Sweden, we examine the factors that influence their work motivation, including the effect of this dual allegiance—to the service firm and to the customer company. The data indicate that the primary motivators are the variety in tasks and the opportunity to influence and/or manage an entire project. Neither monetary incentives nor the consultancy firm norms are strong motivators. A factor that affects work behavior and motivation is the subordinate identity that IT consultants must assume with their powerful clients. The article concludes with practical suggestions for managers who seek to understand what motivates employees who work at a distance, under external control. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
47.
Sergio M. Davis Anatoly B. Belonoshko Börje Johansson 《Computer Physics Communications》2011,(5):1105-1110
We present an implementation of a stochastic optimization algorithm applied to location of atomic vacancies. Our method labels an empty point in space as a vacancy site, if the total spatial overlap of a “virtual sphere”, centered around the point, with the surrounding atoms (and other vacancies) falls below a tolerance parameter. A Metropolis-like algorithm displaces the vacancies randomly, using an “overlap temperature” parameter to allow for acceptance of moves into regions with higher overlap, thus avoiding local minima. Once the algorithm has targeted a point with low overlap, the overlap temperature is decreased, and the method works as a steepest descent optimization.Our method, with only two free parameters, is able to detect the correct number and coordinates of vacancies in a wide spectrum of condensed-matter systems, from crystals to amorphous solids, in fact in any given set of atomic coordinates, without any need of comparison with a reference initial structure. 相似文献
48.
Indirect identification methods are applied when direct measurement is unfeasible. One example is the measurement of the contact force between wheel and rail in railway traffic. This paper focuses on optimization-based methods for the identification of contact forces with the aim of developing a reliable and robust load identification scheme. A particular issue discussed here is the choice of discretization in space–time, enabling the sampling instances of the measurements, the parameterization of the sought input and the discretization of the pertinent state equations to be decoupled, in contrast to traditional methods such as, e.g. dynamic programming.In the present preliminary study where a 2-D disc is considered as a representative of a train wheel, a radial concentrated force rotates around the disc’s perimeter, representing the contact force acting on the rim of the wheel, while radial strains are measured on a set of points corresponding to the strain gauges position. The strain history data is then used in the identification procedure where the applied force is sought to minimize the discrepancy between the predicted and measured strain history. In particular the convergence of the results with respect to the temporal discretization of the model and the time parameterization of the sought loading history are investigated under the influence of noise. It is seen that choosing a discretization of the sought load that is coarser than that of the state variable gives a more robust scheme. The traditional Tikhonov regularization can also be added within the current framework. Furthermore, with the aid of a sensitivity analysis, the influence of measurement noise can be quantified. 相似文献
49.
Sarve H Lindblad J Borgefors G Johansson CB 《Computer methods and programs in biomedicine》2011,102(1):25-34
Bone-implant integration is measured in several ways. Traditionally and routinely, 2D histological sections of samples, containing bone and the biomaterial, are stained and analyzed using a light microscope. Such histological section provides detailed cellular information about the bone regeneration in the proximity of the implant. However, this information reflects the integration in only a very small fraction, a 10 μm thick slice, of the sample. In this study, we show that feature values quantified on 2D sections are highly dependent on the orientation and the placement of the section, suggesting that a 3D analysis of the whole sample is of importance for a more complete judgment of the bone structure in the proximity of the implant. We propose features describing the 3D data by extending the features traditionally used for 2D-analysis. We present a method for extracting these features from 3D image data and we measure them on five 3D SRμCT image volumes.We also simulate cuts through the image volume positioned at all possible section positions. These simulations show that the measurement variations due to the orientation of the section around the center line of the implant are about 30%. 相似文献
50.
Arvidsson I Arvidsson M Axmon A Hansson GA Johansson CR Skerfving S 《Ergonomics》2006,49(11):1052-1067
Operators with identical, demanding computer work (90 female and 97 male air traffic controllers) were found to have high prevalences of disorders (assessed by questionnaire and physical examination) in neck, shoulders and upper back. In spite of the identical work, the women displayed higher prevalences than the men (e.g. neck diagnoses 21% vs. 4%). Disorders in elbows, wrists and hands were less common, with similar rates in both genders. Generally, the psychosocial work environment (assessed by questionnaire) was found to be good, but with large inter-individual variation. Women experienced lower decision latitude than men, particularly regarding influence and freedom at work, but perceived higher social support. Physically, the work was characterized by relatively low angular velocities of upper arms (measured by inclinometry) and wrists (right: < 1 degrees/s during 19% of time, measuring by goniometry), dynamic muscular activities and high time fractions of rest in the trapezius and forearm extensor muscles (measuring by electromyography). There were only minor differences between the genders. 相似文献