Thermal performance comparisons between passive solar and conventional housing in an Irish climate

The thermal performance of a passive solar house in Ireland having high energy conservation standards is compared with that of a similar sized conventional dwelling house. In both cases the performance over a meteorological Test Reference Year is assessed using climatically responsive models developed experimentally which predict their internal temperature without heating.

The results indicate that the conventional house required over three times as much auxiliary heating as the passive solar house. Solar gain accounted for over half the gross heat demand in the solar house compared to 13% in the bungalow. An added advantage of the increased utilization of solar gain was the estimated reduction in the heating season from nine to six months.     

The Effect of processing on the content and composition of free sterols and sterol esters in soybean oil

The content and composition of free sterols and sterol esters in crude soybean oil and in oils from different stages of two continuous refining systems were determined. The sterols were isolated by preparative thin layer chromatography and analyzed by gas chromatography with cholesterol as an internal standard. The free sterols in one of the degummed oils amounted to 3.1 mg/g and were diminished to 1.8 mg/g oil by the De Laval Short-Mix refining process. The content of free sterols of the other degummed oil was reduced from 3.4 to 1.6 mg/g oil by the Zenith process. The greatest reduction of sterol content was caused by the treatment with bleaching earth. The sterol esters accounted for 0.6 mg/g of the degummed oil, and only very small changes were observed during the processes. However, changes in the composition of fatty acids of the sterol esters were found. These changes might indicate a selective deacylation of sterol esters or an interesterification during the refining processes. The composition of sterols in free and esterified form were different. Campesterol, stigmasterol and sitosterol were obtained in both free and esterified form, but Δ7 stigmasterol was only found in esterified form. Only small changes in the percentage distribution of the sterols occurred during the processes. Present adress Food Technology Division, ALFA-LAVAL,S-14700 Tumba, Sweden     

On Surface Losses in Direct Metal Laser Sintering Printed Millimeter and Submillimeter Waveguides

Different lengths of WR3 (220–330 GHz) and WR10 (75–110 GHz) waveguides are fabricated through direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). The losses in these waveguides are measured and modelled using the Huray surface roughness model. The losses in WR3 are around 0.3 dB/mm and in WR10 0.05 dB/mm. The Huray equation model is accounting relatively good for the attenuation in the WR10 waveguide but deviates more in the WR3 waveguide. The model is compared to finite element simulations of the losses assuming an approximate surface structure similar to the resulting one from the DMLS process.     

High Output Saturation and High-Linearity Uni-Traveling-Carrier Waveguide Photodiodes

Waveguide uni-traveling-carrier photodiodes (UTC-PDs) have been fabricated and tested. Output saturation currents greater than 40 mA at 1 GHz are demonstrated for a 10 mumtimes150mum photodiode (PD). The third-order intermodulation distortion is also measured and exhibits a third-order output intercept point of 43 dBm at 20 mA and 34 dBm at 40 mA for this same PD. UTC-PDs with geometries of 5 mumtimes100 mum and 10 mumtimes100 mum are also compared and it is shown that a wider waveguide PD has improved saturation characteristics due to the lower optical power density which reduces the saturation at the front end of the device     

不同萎凋时间对枸杞叶茶的影响

以枸杞鲜叶为原料,在杀青工序前增加室温自然摊放萎凋工序,可明显减轻枸杞叶茶的青腥味,增加枸杞叶中的可溶性糖、游离氨基酸和水浸出物含量,改进枸杞叶茶汤的滋味和香气,提高枸杞叶茶品质;但萎凋也降低了枸杞叶中的类黄酮、多酚和VC等活性成分的含量.试验结果表明枸杞叶的最适萎凋时间为7 h.     

IL-7 overexpression in transgenic mouse keratinocytes causes a lymphoproliferative skin disease dominated by intermediate TCR cells: evidence for a hierarchy in IL-7 responsiveness among cutaneous T cells

IL-7 is a keratinocyte-derived lymphocyte growth factor critical for the development of gammadelta T cells including murine dendritic epidermal T cells (DETC). We derived transgenic mice that overexpress IL-7 in basal keratinocytes under the control of the human K14 promoter. These K14/IL-7 mice develop dermal and epidermal T cell infiltrates associated with alopecia. This lymphoproliferative skin disease is substantially more severe in mice homozygous for the K14/IL-7 transgene. Conventional DETC expressing a Vgamma5 Vdelta1 TCR are rare or absent among the cutaneous T cells in these mice. The T cells in the skin infiltrates of young K14/IL-7 mice are predominantly gammadelta T cells that express intermediate levels of TCR, are negative for E-cadherin, often lack expression of CD2, and include cells that coexpress NK1.1. T cells expressing intermediate levels of a TCR-alphabeta are also present in transgenic skin, and progressively increase in number as the mice age. Phenotypically similar intermediate gammadelta and alphabeta T cell subsets also constitute the major lymphocyte populations recovered from organ culture of normal mouse skin in the presence of IL-7, suggesting that the T cells that accumulate in the epidermis of K14/IL-7 mice are derived from precursors normally resident in skin. We conclude that intermediate TCR cells, some of which coexpress NK1.1, can be selectively expanded in skin under the influence of IL-7 produced locally. Our results also suggest that features of the epidermal microenvironment besides keratinocyte-derived IL-7 account for the normal predominance of Vgamma5 Vdelta1 DETC in mouse epidermis.     

Misinterpretation of body sensations in panic disorder

Cognitive accounts of panic predict that panic disorder patients will be particularly prone to misinterpret autonomic sensations. Several studies have produced results consistent with this prediction, but each is open to alternative interpretation. To clarify matters, 2 studies administered the Body Sensations Interpretation Questionnaire (BSIQ) to panic patients and controls. Panic patients were more likely to interpret ambiguous autonomic sensations as signs of immediately impending physical or mental disaster and were more likely than other anxiety disorder patients and nonpatients to believe these interpretations. In a 3rd study, a brief version of the BSIQ was shown to have satisfactory test-retest reliability, to change with treatment, and to discriminate treatments that varied in their effects on panic.