Should the same glucose values be targeted for type 1 as for type 2 diabetics in pregnancy?

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether the same maternal glycemic control is necessary to achieve similar perinatal outcomes for type 1 as for type 2 diabetics. STUDY DESIGN: The subjects were all women with pregestational diabetes mellitus delivered of live-born singletons. Glycemic control was achieved with diet and insulin. Self-monitoring of blood glucose was performed before meals and at bedtime. Target glucose values were 60 to 90 mg/dl fasting and 60 to 105 mg/dl at other times. RESULTS: Of 60,628 deliveries, 46 type 1 and 113 type 2 diabetic women met inclusion criteria. Respective differences were found between type 1 and type 2 diabetics in average daily glucose levels (112 mg/dl vs 97 mg/dl, p < 0.001), percent of values within target ranges (35% vs 57%, p < 0.001), and mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (48.1 mg/dl vs 24.9 mg/dl, p < 0.001). At least one daily glucose value was < 50 mg/dl during 19% of observation days for type 1 vs 2% of observation days for type 2 pregnancies (p < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetic pregnancies in neonatal macrosomia (30% vs 34%), proportion of cesarean deliveries during labor for arrest disorders (67% vs 69%), shoulder dystocia (2% vs 6%), and neonatal hypoglycemia (18% vs 26%). CONCLUSIONS: Less stringent maternal glycemic control may permit comparable maternal and neonatal outcomes for type 1 compared with type 2 diabetics. Higher target values for type 1 diabetics may decrease the frequency of maternal hypoglycemic episodes.     

A new space-vector-modulated control for a unidirectionalthree-phase switch-mode rectifier

A unidirectional three-phase switch-mode rectifier that delivers sinusoidal input currents in phase with the corresponding input phase voltages is proposed and analyzed in this paper. In the proposed topology, three AC switches are placed before the bridge rectifier and, respectively, across two power lines. A simple control scheme combing space-vector modulation and hysteresis current control is presented. Sinusoidal input line currents are observed in experimental results     

B7 blockade prevents activation-induced cell death of thymocytes

Although both B7 and its counter-receptor CD28 are expressed in the thymus, the role of B7 in thymic selection is not clear. We investigated the role of B7 in intrathymic deletion of antigen-specific T cells using a TCR transgenic model specific for antigen ovalbumin (OVA) and H-2Ad. Intraperitoneal injection of OVA induced apoptosis of thymocytes and drastic reduction of thymocyte numbers. This was significantly inhibited by co-injection of CTLA-4-Ig which blocks B7 co-stimulation. Deletion of T cells in the thymus following i.p. injection of OVA was associated with T cell pre-activation as demonstrated by T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Injection of CTLA-4-Ig blocked all these activation events and rescued thymocytes from activation-induced cell death. These results demonstrate that B7 is required for the activation-induced cell death of MHC class II-restricted thymocytes in vivo.     

多传感器目标识别的图像数据融合技术研究

军事和空间技术的要求促进了微光技术的发展。微光图像实时处理技术是夜技术今后发展的重要方向，本文针对微光图像与脉冲激光测距仪的数据信息实时融合与显示的方法及其实现进行了研究。给出了系统框图及工作原理，为实现探测识别、跟踪的实时性、智能化和微型化，从而为研制新一代战术侦察与火控系统提供了具体有效的技术基础。     

粉尘薄膜爆轰

与普通爆轰不同，粉尘薄膜爆轰波前氧化剂与燃料处于分离状态．由于激波作用下壁面燃料的注入才于壁面附近形成燃烧的粉尘云，燃烧释放的热使激波自持形成粉尘薄膜爆轰。本文在长2、8m，横截面20mm×20mm的方型水平激波管中对此类爆轰进行了实验研究．并根据作者建立的模型对其二维结构进行了数值模拟。     

逻辑程序的一种并行执行模型

本文基于静态相关性分析和动态调整相结合的方法，提出了一种逻辑程序的执行模型，它不仅开发了“与“并行，同进也开发了一定的“或“并行，从而有效地加速了逻辑程序的执行。     

简易炉外处理在电炉钢生产中的应用

阐述了小电炉采用投资少，见较快，简单易行的炉外处理措施，提高了钢质量和生产率，生产实践和应用结果表明，本措施可为同类型企业的炼钢工艺完善和技术进步提供参考。     

Prenatal diagnosis of partial monosomy 13q associated with occipital encephalocoele in a fetus

The pre- and postnatal findings of a fetus with a de novo del(13)(pter-->q21:) and an occipital encephalocoele are described. Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) screening at 19 weeks' gestation demonstrated a high level of 2.5 multiples of the median (MOM) and ultrasonography at 27 weeks' gestation showed severe intrauterine growth retardation, cardiomegaly, an occipital encephalocoele, and a calvarial defect. Genetic amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 46,XX,del(13)(pter-->q21:). The proband postnatally displayed additional abnormalities such as microphthalmia, hypertelorism, large low-set ears, and micrognathia. We discuss the association of central nervous system (CNS) malformations with 13q deletions and emphasize that pregnancies with neural tube defects warrant cytogenetic analysis, especially when additional fetal abnormalities and neonatal dysmorphism are observed.     

An analytical grain-barrier height model and its characterizationfor intrinsic poly-Si thin-film transistor

An analytical model for the grain-barrier height of the intrinsic poly-Si thin-film transistors (TFTs) is developed, in which the grain-barrier height for the applied gate voltage smaller than the threshold voltage is obtained by solving the charge neutrality equation and the grain-barrier height for the applied gate voltage larger than the threshold voltage is obtained by using the quasi-two-dimensional (2-D) method. Good agreements between experimental and simulation results are obtained for a wide gate voltage range     

聚六亚甲基碳酸酯二醇增韧环氧树脂的结构与性能

采用羟基封端的脂肪族碳酸酯－聚六亚甲基碳酸酯二醇对环氧树脂进行了增韧，通过扫描隧道显微镜，扫描电子显微镜，差示扫描量热分析以及动态力学性能分析等方法研究了增韧ＥＰ的结构与性能的关系。