From Shared Databases to Communities of Practice: A Taxonomy of Collaboratories

Promoting affiliation between scientists is relatively easy, but creating larger organizational structures is much more difficult, due to traditions of scientific independence, difficulties of sharing implicit knowledge, and formal organizational barriers. The Science of Collaboratories (SOC) project conducted a broad five-year review to take stock of the diverse ecosystem of projects that fit our definition of a collaboratory and to distill lessons learned in the process. This article describes one of the main products of that review, a seven-category taxonomy of collaboratory types. The types are: Distributed Research Centers, Shared Instruments, Community Data Systems, Open Community Contribution Systems, Virtual Communities of Practice, Virtual Learning Communities, and Community Infrastructure Projects. Each of the types is defined and illustrated with one example, and key technical and organizational issues are identified.     

10 KV电缆的故障分析及施工处理

10 KV电缆是现代高压传输系统的主要形式,可按照用户电能应用要求执行对应的传输计划,实现了固有电能资源的优化配置。与此同时,与10 KV电缆有关的故障问题越来越普遍,严重降低了电力传输的安全系数。     

Actively Searching for an Effective Neural Network Ensemble

A neural network NN ensemble is a very successful technique where the outputs of a set of separately trained NNs are combined to form one unified prediction. An effective ensemble should consist of a set of networks that are not only highly correct, but ones that make their errors on different parts of the input space as well; however, most existing techniques only indirectly address the problem of creating such a set. We present an algorithm called ADDEMUP that uses genetic algorithms to search explicitly for a highly diverse set of accurate trained networks. ADDEMUP works by first creating an initial population, then uses genetic operators to create new networks continually, keeping the set of networks that are highly accurate while disagreeing with each other as much as possible. Experiments on four real-world domains show that ADDEMUP is able to generate a set of trained networks that is more accurate than several existing ensemble approaches. Experiments also show ADDEMUP is able to incorporate prior knowledge effectively, if available, to improve the quality of its ensemble.     

CARBON FIBER-POLYANILINE COMPOSITES: KINETICS OF ELECTRODEPOSITION OF POLYANILINE ONTO CARBON FIBERS BY CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY

Homogeneous and uniform coatings of polyaniline were successfully deposited on carbon fibers by an aqueous electrodeposition technique using p-toluene sulfonic acid as the electrolyte. Electrochemical deposition of aniline was carried out by cyclic voltammetry in the potential range of -0.2 V to 1.0 V versus saturated calomel electrode (SCE). The electrochemical deposition parameters such as the number of cycles, scan rate (SR), initial monomer ([M]), and electrolyte concentration ([E]) were systematically varied. The amount of composite coatings on carbon fibers was dependent on the electrochemical deposition parameters. From a weight gain analysis, the rate of the reactions (R p ) was calculated. As the aniline concentration was increased up to 0.35 M and electrolyte concentration up to 0.5 M, the deposition rate also increased, whereas an increase in scan rate decreased the deposition rate. Kinetic analysis showed that the rate equation for the p-toluene sulfonic acid system is R p ∝SR -1.25 [M] 0.73 [E] 0.95 . IR spectra also showed an increase in the deposition of polyaniline coatings on carbon fibers with a decrease in the scan rate and an increase in both monomer and electrolyte concentration. The ratio of two oxidation states of polyaniline obtained during electrodeposition, namely emeraldine and pernigraniline, can be varied by changing the electrochemical deposition parameters.     

Self-expressiveness within the family context: Psychometric support for a new measure.

The family appears to be an important setting for learning about emotions and how to express them within a social context. Because of the need for reliable and valid measures of emotional expressiveness in the family, the Self-Expressiveness in the Family Questionnaire is introduced and evaluated in four studies with 499 mothers and 362 fathers. Factor analyses indicate highly consistent patterns of loadings for a two-factor solution across the four studies. The resulting positive and negative scales are highly internally consistent and stable over time. Evidence of good convergent, discriminant, and construct validity was obtained, and a preliminary short form with good internal consistency and construct validity was also identified. Ideas for future research on marital and parent–child issues are suggested. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Mineralizable soil nitrogen and labile soil organic matter in diverse long-term cropping systems

Sustainable soil fertility management depends on long-term integrated strategies that build and maintain soil organic matter and mineralizable soil N levels. These strategies increase the portion of crop N needs met by soil N and reduce dependence on external N inputs required for crop production. To better understand the impact of management on soil N dynamics, we conducted field and laboratory research on five diverse management systems at a long-term study in Maryland, the USDA- Agricultural Research Service Beltsville Farming Systems Project (FSP). The FSP is comprised of a conventional no-till corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean (Glycine max L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/double-crop soybean rotation (NT), a conventional chisel-till corn–soybean–wheat/soybean rotation (CT), a 2 year organic corn–soybean rotation (Org2), a 3 year organic corn–soybean–wheat rotation (Org3), and a 6 year organic corn–soybean–wheat–alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (3 years) rotation (Org6). We found that total potentially mineralizable N in organic systems (average 315 kg N ha⁻¹) was significantly greater than the conventional systems (average 235 kg N ha⁻¹). Particulate organic matter (POM)–C and –N also tended to be greater in organic than conventional cropping systems. Average corn yield and N uptake from unamended (minus N) field microplots were 40 and 48%, respectively, greater in organic than conventional grain cropping systems. Among the three organic systems, all measures of N availability tended to increase with increasing frequency of manure application and crop rotation length (Org2 < Org3 ≤ Org6) while most measures were similar between NT and CT. Our results demonstrate that organic soil fertility management increases soil N availability by increasing labile soil organic matter. Relatively high levels of mineralizable soil N must be considered when developing soil fertility management plans for organic systems.     

Futuristic applications of hydrogen in energy,biorefining, aerospace,pharmaceuticals and metallurgy

The increasing world population, as well as demands for energy and industrial commodities, have led to an overall rise in anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, demands for fossil fuels and petrochemicals are also gradually escalating in the developing and underdeveloped countries to sustain the transportation sector, industrial power generation and commodity chemical production. To address these challenges and to meet the Paris Agreement on climate change, there has been a growing interest in the development of renewable energy resources. Hydrogen is considered a strong candidate for the next-generation energy infrastructures as an energy carrier and vector, as well as a precursor or auxiliary component for several industrial processes. This review outlines current researches and applications of hydrogen in the processing and upgrading of hydrocarbon fuels, fuel cells, platform chemicals synthesis, pharmaceuticals, aerospace and maritime uses, metallurgy and electronics. Besides, applications of hydrogen as a direct fuel, synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons via Fischer-Tropsch process and syngas fermentation to alcohols are also reviewed. The specific utilization of hydrogen in the metallurgical industry is highlighted for metal reduction and in the oxyhydrogen flame for cutting and welding of metals. Besides, the article also describes the use of hydrogen in pharmaceutical industries for drug discovery. Finally, a variety of socio-economic aspects of hydrogen as a renewable fuel is also outlined in this article.     

Assessment of shock resistance of barium ferrite at dynamic shocked conditions

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - This research work probes into the crystallographic and magnetic structural stability of barium ferrite nanoparticles (BaFe2O4 NPs) at...     

Identification of Recurrent Mutations in the microRNA-Binding Sites of B-Cell Lymphoma-Associated Genes in Follicular Lymphoma

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a common indolent B-cell lymphoma that can transform into the more aggressive transformed FL (tFL). However, the molecular process driving this transformation is uncertain. In this work, we aimed to identify microRNA (miRNA)-binding sites recurrently mutated in follicular lymphoma patients, as well as in transformed FL patients. Using whole-genome sequencing data from FL tumors, we discovered 544 mutations located in bioinformatically predicted microRNA-binding sites. We then studied these specific regions using targeted sequencing in a cohort of 55 FL patients, found 16 recurrent mutations, and identified a further 69 variants. After filtering for QC, we identified 21 genes with mutated miRNA-binding sites that were also enriched for B-cell-associated genes by Gene Ontology. Over 40% of mutations identified in these genes were present exclusively in tFL patients. We validated the predicted miRNA-binding sites of five of the genes by luciferase assay and demonstrated that the identified mutations in BCL2 and EZH2 genes impaired the binding efficiency of miR-5008 and miR-144 and regulated the endogenous levels of messenger RNA (mRNA).