The application of structural equation modeling to maternal ratings of twins' behavioral and emotional problems.

The application of structural equation modeling to twin data is used to assess the impact of genetic and environmental factors on children's behavioral and emotional functioning. The models are applied to the maternal ratings of behavior of a subsample of 515 monozygotic and 749 dizygotic juvenile twin pairs, ages 8 through 16 yrs, obtained through mailed questionnaires as part of the Medical College of Virginia Adolescent Behavioral Development Twin Project. The importance of genetic, shared, and specific environmental factors for explaining variation is reported for both externalizing and internalizing behaviors, as well as significant differences in the causes of variation in externalizing behaviors among young boys and girls. The usefulness of applying structural equation models to data on monozygotic and dizygotic twins and the potential implications for addressing clinically relevant questions regarding the causes of psychopathology are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychosocial correlates of recurrent childhood pain: A comparison of pediatric patients with recurrent abdominal pain, organic illness, and psychiatric disorders.

Pediatric patients with recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) were compared with patients with peptic disease, patients with emotional disorders, and well children with regard to (1) emotional and somatic symptoms and (2) theoretically derived variables, including negative life events, competence, family functioning, and the modeling and encouragement of illness behavior. RAP patients had levels of emotional distress and somatic complaints higher than those of well children and lower than those of psychiatric patients, but not different from those of patients with peptic disease. RAP patients had fewer negative life events, better family functioning, and higher competence than children with emotional disorders. In comparison with well children and psychiatric patients, both RAP and peptic disease patients had a higher incidence of illness in other family members and perceived greater parental encouragement of illness behavior for abdominal symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

葡萄酒课堂

第1期上课时间:2008年1月27日晚学员:中国人民大学EMBA班上课地点:北京醉库绿领庄园红酒主题餐厅上课内容:品尝、礼仪、酒配餐课中故事毕竟离开校园生活已经很久了,当中国人民大学EMBA     

Synthesis of Crystalline Black Phosphorus Thin Film on Sapphire

Black phosphorus (BP) has recently attracted significant attention due to its exceptional physical properties. Currently, high‐quality few‐layer and thin‐film BP are produced primarily by mechanical exfoliation, limiting their potential in future applications. Here, the synthesis of highly crystalline thin‐film BP on 5 mm sapphire substrates by conversion from red to black phosphorus at 700 °C and 1.5 GPa is demonstrated. The synthesized ≈50 nm thick BP thin films are polycrystalline with a crystal domain size ranging from 40 to 70 µm long, as indicated by Raman mapping and infrared extinction spectroscopy. At room temperature, field‐effect mobility of the synthesized BP thin film is found to be around 160 cm² V^?1 s^?1 along armchair direction and reaches up to about 200 cm² V^?1 s^?1 at around 90 K. Moreover, red phosphorus (RP) covered by exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) before conversion shows atomically sharp hBN/BP interface and perfectly layered BP after the conversion. This demonstration represents a critical step toward the future realization of large scale, high‐quality BP devices and circuits.     

Self‐Healing of a Confined Phase Change Memory Device with a Metallic Surfactant Layer

Understanding and possibly recovering from the failure mechanisms of phase change memories (PCMs) are critical to improving their cycle life. Extensive electrical testing and postfailure electron microscopy analysis have shown that stuck–set failure can be recovered. Here, self‐healing of novel confined PCM devices is directly shown by controlling the electromigration of the phase change material at the nanoscale. In contrast to the current mushroom PCM, the confined PCM has a metallic surfactant layer, which enables effective Joule heating to control the phase change material even in the presence of a large void. In situ transmission electron microscope movies show that the voltage polarity controls the direction of electromigration of the phase change material, which can be used to fill nanoscale voids that form during programing. Surprisingly, a single voltage pulse can induce dramatic migration of antimony (Sb) due to high current density in the PCM device. Based on the finding, self‐healing of a large void inside a confined PCM device with a metallic liner is demonstrated for the first time.     

Bridging organizations and strategic bridging functions in environmental governance and management

Strategic bridging functions performed by three voluntary, multi-stakeholder bridging organizations engaged in environmental governance and management in the Calgary Region of Alberta, Canada, are examined. Structured interviews revealed how the bridging organizations influenced an increase in municipal participation in regional-scale environmental governance and management activities. Bridging organizations connect stakeholders who would otherwise not be connected. They identify shared values and issues of concern, build trusting relationships, co-create knowledge, resolve conflict, and contribute to social learning processes. Social network structure is made visible through social network graphs. The legitimacy of natural resource management plans co-created through strategic bridging processes is also addressed.     

Using Bulk Heterojunctions and Selective Electron Trapping to Enhance the Responsivity of Perovskite–Graphene Photodetectors

Graphene field effect transistor sensitized by a layer of semiconductor (sensitizer/GFET) is a device structure that is investigated extensively for ultrasensitive photodetection. Among others, organometallic perovskite semiconductor sensitizer has the advantages of long carrier lifetime and solution processable. A further step to improve the responsivity is to design a structure that can promote electron–hole separation and selective carrier trapping in the sensitizer. Here, the use of a hybrid perovskite–organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) as the light sensitizer to achieve this goal is demonstrated. Our spectroscopy and device measurements show that the CH₃NH₃PbI₃–PCBM BHJ/GFET device has improved charge separation yield and carrier lifetime as compared to a reference device with a CH₃NH₃PbI₃ sensitizer only. The key to these enhancement is the presence of [6,6]‐phenyl‐C₆₁‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), which acts as charge separation and electron trapping sites, resulting in a 30‐fold increase in the photoresponsivity. This work shows that the use of a small amount of electron or hole acceptors in the sensitizer layer can be an effective strategy for improving and tuning the photoresponsivity of sensitizer/GFET photodetectors.     

Housing subsidies and income distribution

While housing subsidy programmes directed through government budgets have become more highly focused on those in need, indirect subsidies operating through the taxation and financial systems have become greater during the inflationary period, and have generally been directed towards those with higher incomes. The Housing Subsidies Study identified several hundred housing assistance programmes in Australia, and after aggregating these to manageable proportions, estimated income distributions for the recipients of each programme.