Peritoneal dialysis in children under 5 years of age

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of intensive practice in table tennis on perceptual coincident timing. The main question was whether the perceptual demands encountered in fast ball sports produce modifications of the perceptual visual system. Expert table tennis players and novices were compared in a perceptual task which consisted of estimating, by pressing a key, the arrival of a moving stimulus at a target. The stimulus, which was presented either at constant velocity or at constant deceleration, reproduced as closely as possible the natural visual demands encountered in table tennis. The difference between the time of response and the time of arrival of the stimulus at a target position was measured over 40 trials for each of the 16 participants. The results showed no effect of expertise under the constant-velocity condition but an effect under the decelerative condition, indicating that experts were less trajectory-dependent than novices. This result was interpreted as reflecting a better adaptation of the perceptual system of experts to the constraints encountered during table tennis and specifically to the perceptual demands resulting from varied and decelerated ball trajectories. Finally, some limitations of the coincidence anticipation procedure are highlighted, concerning its use in practical settings for evaluating athletes or detecting sport talents, and the need for the simulation conditions during testing to reproduce as closely as possible the perceptual demands of real life is discussed.     

Hormonal changes during a 20-week confinement

BACKGROUND: When the European Space Agency planned the EUROMIR'95 long-duration flight with a European astronaut on board the Russian orbital MIR station, it organized simultaneously a ground simulation, called the Human Behaviour Study, of this manned space mission. The ground simulation was a confinement experiment, and this paper describes the changes in volume-regulating hormones that occurred during and after 20 weeks of confinement. METHODS: In a normobaric diving chamber, 3 subjects were confined for 135 d. Arterial pressure, plasma concentrations of blood volume-regulating hormones (active renin and arginine-vasopressin), and urinary variables (aldosterone, arginine-vasopressin, and metabolites of catecholamines) were measured before, during, and after confinement. RESULTS: Arterial pressure was increased from week 1 until week 15 of confinement, while heart rate was elevated from week 6 until the end of the simulation. Plasma active renin was elevated throughout the confinement (after week 6). Urine volume increased transitively on the first 2 d of confinement. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained during this long-term confinement experiment have major importance regarding concerns about spaceflight and bed rest data, because we observed hormonal changes during the experiment that normally are assigned to the fluid shift that occurs in weightlessness or in the head-down tilt position (i.e., an increase of renin, an increase of urinary volume during the first two days, and a decreased urinary cyclic guanosine monophosphate.     

Potent and selective bicyclic lactam inhibitors of thrombin: Part 2: P1 modifications

The synthesis and antithrombotic activity of a series of nonpeptide bicyclic thrombin inhibitors is described. We have explored the SAR with modifications to the P1 site. The introduction of arginine mimetics at the P1 site led to potent and selective thrombin inhibitors.     

Gd-DPTA enhanced MRI in Bell's palsy and herpes zoster oticus: an overview and implications for future studies

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a new and important tool for use in diagnosing and investigating diseases affecting the facial nerve. In recent gadolinium-DTPA enhanced MRI (Gd-MRI) studies it has unequivocally been demonstrated that ipsilateral facial nerve contrast enhancement, predominantly in the meatal portion, is present in both Bell's palsy and herpes zoster oticus. In this overview, the results of MRI studies performed on patients with acute peripheral facial palsy, especially Bell's palsy and herpes zoster oticus, are discussed. The Gd-MRI pattern in Bell's palsy is very similar to that seen in herpes zoster oticus, and the findings reported so far support the theory that an inflammation may be the cause of the nerve injury in both cases. So far, however, Gd-MRI has not been helpful in evaluating the severity and/or prognosis of the facial palsy. Further studies employing improved techniques, including three-dimensional fast (or turbo) spin echo (3DFSE) MRI with heavily T2-weighted sections and high resolution three-dimensional Fourier transform (3DFT) MRI, need to be conducted in order to determine whether it is possible to follow the course of the disease and whether MRI and/or Gd-MRI are useful prognostic tools in the early stages of palsy.     

Perception and action are based on the same visual information: distinction between position and velocity.

Ss were presented with spiders running from left to right at various velocities over a structured background. Motion of the background influenced the perceived velocity of the spider: Motion of the background in the opposite direction than the spider increased the perceived velocity. The perceived position of the spider was not influenced by background motion. Ss were asked to hit the spiders as quickly as possible. Fast spiders were hit with a higher velocity than slow spiders. The same effect was found if the spiders only differed in apparent velocity, induced by motion of the background. The trajectory of the hit was not influenced by motion of the background. The authors concluded that although velocity is nothing but the change of position in time, velocity and position are processed independently. Furthermore, these two separately processed sources of information are used in both perception and action. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

In vivo purging with high-dose cytarabine followed by high-dose chemoradiotherapy and reinfusion of unpurged bone marrow for adult acute myelogenous leukemia in first complete remission

PURPOSE: To evaluate in a prospective study the efficacy of autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in adult patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in first remission, using a single course of high-dose Cytarabine (HD Ara-C) consolidation therapy as in vivo purging. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty consecutive adult patients with AML in first complete remission (CR) were treated with HD Ara-C consolidation therapy as a method of in vivo purging before marrow collection. High-dose therapy consisted of fractionated total-body irradiation (FTBI) 12 Gy, intravenous etoposide 60 mg/kg, and cyclophosphamide 75 mg/kg, followed by reinfusion of cryopreserved marrow. RESULTS: Sixty patients underwent consolidation treatment with HD Ara-C with the intent to treat with autologous BMT. Sixteen patients were unable to proceed to autologous BMT (10 patients relapsed, one died of sepsis, one developed cerebellar toxicity, two had inadequate blood counts, and two refused). Forty-four patients underwent autologous BMT and have a median follow-up time of 37 months (range, 14.7 to 68.7) for patients who are alive with no relapse. The cumulative probability of disease-free survival (DFS) at 24 months in the intent-to-treat group is 49% (95% confidence interval [CI], 37% to 62%) and in those who actually underwent autologous BMT is 61% (95% CI, 46% to 74%). The probability of relapse was 44% (95% CI, 31% to 58%) and 33% (95% CI, 20% to 49%) for the intent-to-treat and autologous BMT patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: This approach offers a relatively high DFS rate to adult patients with AML in first CR. The results of this study are similar to those achieved with allogeneic BMT.     

Physiologo-biochemical characteristics if Gluconobacter oxydans and prospects for its use in biotechnology and biosensor systems (review)

Gluconobacter oxydans possesses a unique organization of metabolic systems, which are characterized by reduction of major dissimilation pathways, surface localization of main oxidative enzymes responsible for partial oxidation of carbon substrates, high performance of electron-transport chains, and accumulation of partially oxidized metabolites in the medium. These features allow us to use the cells of these microorganisms in biotechnology for production of several food products and medicines. The use of G. oxydans in biosensors for estimation of concentrations of sugars, aldoses and polyalcohols is promising. Physiological and biochemical features of these microorganisms enabling their use in biotechnology and receptor elements of biosensors are reviewed.