Modified Laser Speckle Imaging with Adaptive Window

One of the advantages of laser speckle is detecting micro-vascular through image processing. This paper proposes a new image processing method for laser speckle, adaptive window method that adaptively processes laser speckle images in the space. Disadvantage of conventional fixed window method is that it uses the same window size regardless of target areas. Inherently laser speckle contains undesired noise. Thus a large window is helpful for removing the noise, but it results in low resolution of image. Otherwise a small window may detect micro vascular but it has limits in noise removal. To overcome this trade-off, the concept of adaptive window method is newly introduced to conventional laser speckle image analysis. In addition, the modified adaptive window method applied to other selection images. We have compared conventional Laser Speckle Contrast Analysis(LASCA) and its variants with the proposed method in terms of image quality and processing complexity. Moreover compared the result of the accompanied changing selection images have also been compared.     

A study of the human hair structure with a Zernike phase contrast X-ray microscope

We have observed the internal structure of human hair shafts with a transmission Zernike phase contrast hard X‐ray microscope. Due to the high spatial resolution and the high contrast of the microscope, we could image scales, macrofibrils, medulla and melanin without staining. The structure of a black hair shaft is compared with that of a white one.     

LIPID OXIDATION IN RETAIL BEEF, PORK AND CHICKEN MUSCLES AS AFFECTED BY CONCENTRATIONS OF HEME PIGMENTS AND NONHEME IRON AND MICROSOMAL ENZYMIC LIPID PEROXIDATION ACTIVITY

Muscles of beef, pork and chicken purchased in two seasons were analyzed for lipid oxidation potential, concentrations of total pigments, myoglobin and nonheme iron, and microsomal enzymic lipid peroxidation activity. To determine lipid oxidation potential, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assays with antioxidant protection were conducted on raw and cooked comminuted muscles stored at 4°C. TBA values of raw chicken muscles (white and dark) and pork muscles were low and changed little during 2–6 days of storage, whereas the values of raw beef muscles were higher and increased progressively. However, TBA values of cooked muscles of all three species increased during 2–4 days of storage with no marked differences among the species. Total pigment and mycglobin concentrations best explained the differences in TBA values of stored, raw muscles among the three species.     

Limonoid glucosides in Orange Molasses

The concentrations of limonoid glucosides in orange molasses, a byproduct of citrus juice processing, were measured. The 17-β-D-gluco-pyranoside derivatives (glucosides) of limonin, nomilin, nomilinic acid and obacunone were present and quantified. Orange molasses contained an average of 568 ppm of total limonoid glucosides at 11.8°Brix. Orange molasses (3.8L) contained up to 12.5g of total limonoid glucosides. The molasses could be used as a source for commercial isolation of citrus limonoid glucosides.     

Properties of multilayer gallium and aluminum doped ZnO(GZO/AZO) transparent thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition process

Multilayer gallium and aluminum doped ZnO (GZO/AZO) films were fabricated by alternative deposition of Ga-doped zinc oxide(GZO) and Al-doped zinc oxide(AZO) thin film by using pulsed laser deposition(PLD) process. The electrical and optical properties of these GZO/AZO thin films were investigated and compared with those of GZO and AZO thin films. The GZO/AZO (1:1) thin film deposited at 400 °C shows the electrical resistivity of 4.18×10^?4 ωcm, an electron concentration of 7.5×10²⁰/cm³, and carrier mobility of 25.4 cm²/(V·s). The optical transmittances of GZO/AZO thin films are over 85%. The optical band gap energy of GZO/AZO thin films linearly decreases with increasing the Al ratio.     

Quantitative Brain Recovery Assessment Using EEG After Cardiac Arrest

This paper presents a study of measures that enable diagnosis of brain recovery after cardiac arrest by using subband-based Information Quantity (SIQ).By using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Shannon Entropy (SE),brain signals after cardiac arrest are converted into quantitative IQ and this is put into subband-based IQ.By using IQ and SIQ,a comparison and analysis on correlation between measures suggested in this paper and Neural Deficit Score (NDS) is developed.This goes further by collecting the features in each subband and analyzing the changes in brain signals from the biological prospective.Experiment data is collected from 26 rats.Based on correlation between suggested measures and NDS,this study will allow early assessment of brain recovery after cardiac arrest.Furthermore,it is expected that proposed measures could be an assistant index of NDS.     

Finger Flexion Motion Inference from sEMG Signals

This paper provides a method to infer finger flexing motions using a 4-channel surface Electromyogram(sEMG).Surface EMGs are harmless to the human body and easily done.However,they do not reflect the activity of specific nerves or muscles,unlike invasive EMGs.On the other hand,the non-invasive type is difficult to use for discriminating various motions while using only a small number of electrodes.Surface EMG data in this study were obtained from four electrodes placed around the forearm.The motions were the flexion of each 5 single fingers(thumb,index finger,middle finger,ring finger,and little fingers).One subject was trained with these motions and another left was untrained.The maximum likelihood estimation method was used to infer the finger motion.Experimental results have showed that this method could be useful for recognizing finger motions.The average accuracy was as high as 95%.     

Microstructure transition from stable to metastable eutectic growth in Ni–25%Al alloy

The microstructural evolution during directional solidification of the Ni–25%Al (mole fraction) alloy was investigated in the range of growth velocity from 10 to 100 μm/s under a given thermal gradient of 10 K/mm. The solidification microstructures reveal a transition from γ‘–β equilibrium eutectic to γ–β metastable eutectic plus β dendrites. A mixed microstructure of γ‘–β and γ–β eutectics produced at a growth velocity of 25 μm/s illustrates that the transition occurs during the competitive growth between γ and γ' phases. The growth temperature for each phase was considered to understand the microstructure selection during solidification. The experimental results show that a phase or a microstructure solidifying with the highest temperature under a given growth condition is preferentially selected upon solidification. In addition, both stable eutectic and metastable eutectic are shown to coexist and simultaneously grow in the velocity range between 25 and 60 μm/s due to their similar growth temperatures.