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中华民族是个古老的、有着悠久历史和灿烂文明的伟大民族,远在八千年前,中国的文明在世界就已初露曙光。漫步在漫长的历史长河边,流连于丰富的博物馆展厅里,对我国悠久的历史和灿烂的文明作一次美的巡礼该是使人感到无比的欣慰和自豪的了。美学特征乃艺术的属性,总结它不是为了停留于前人的成果上,而是为了新的创造和新的开拓。 相似文献
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Xin Huo Kai Zheng Kemao Ma 《International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems》2014,12(4):733-741
In order to improve flexibility of sliding mode control (SMC) for a class of nonlinear systems, a new control design method is proposed in this paper. The sliding surface is extended to be a generic Lipschitz continuous surface instead of a smooth one, with which different characteristics of sliding motion may be realized. Due to the nonsmoothness of the sliding surface, the control design problem is discussed in the framework of Filippov’s differential inclusion, by analyzing the geometric properties of the nonsmooth surface. Discontinuous control laws are presented based on new contingent cone criteria, which steer all of the trajectories of the closed-loop system to reach the piecewise smooth sliding surface in finite time. 相似文献
116.
Kai Xing Fengjuan Zhang Yi Liang Dechang Chen 《Personal and Ubiquitous Computing》2014,18(8):1917-1928
Along with the increasing popularity of electric vehicles caused by economic and environmental incentives, the penetration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) poses a great threat to the power grid, especially to the aggregated load in the power system. Motivated by this observation, in this paper, we analyze the impact of large-scale usage of PHEVs and address the load distribution problem by solving a decentralized optimization problem and smoothening the peak load with pricing strategies in the power grid. We also investigate the influence of charging time and charging mode on load distribution, as the charging price varies with the changes of these two factors. Our simulation study on PJM’s data warehouse shows that the proposed strategies can well smooth the peak load by pricing on the charging time and mode. The results also indicate that our strategies always distribute the load in a smoother manner at a smaller load fluctuation compared with other schemes (e.g., First Come First Service and PMCS) and thus improving the stability and reliability of the power grid. 相似文献
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Tetsuya Tanigami Kanna Kai Koji Tanaka Shuji Matsuzawa 《Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers》2003,13(4):237-253
Poly[bis(-phenoxyethoxy)phosphazene] [PBPEP] had been shown in our previous paper to be a very useful polymer for investigating the crystallization mechanism of polymers, as the crystallization rate of PBPEP is extraordinarily small when isothermally crystallized from the melt. The crystallization of the low molecular weight oligomers of PBPEP was first studied in comparison to the high molecular weight polymers. The oligomer-rich fraction was obtained by fractionation of the as-polymerized sample, which had a broad molecular weight distribution. The fractions thus obtained were characterized by solution viscometry and size exclusion chromatography. The melting temperature and the growth rate of the spherulite from the melt were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and optical microscopy. The growth rate was one or two orders of magnitude smaller in the oligomer-rich fraction than in the other high molecular weight fractions. A collapsed spherulite appeared in the oligomer-rich fraction at high crystallization temperatures. It is speculated that in the oligomer-rich fraction there is an excess free energy due to defects in the crystal phase. This defect is considerably larger in the oligomer-rich fraction than in the other fractions because a large quantity of short length chains is present. 相似文献
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碳,氮对氧化锆相结构稳定性的作用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用热处理研究了碳、氮对氧化锆相结构和相变的影响。实验结果表明:碳、氢原子在高温下可以渗入到氧化锆中去,阻止了氧化锆高温相(四方相和立方相)在冷却过程中向低温相(单斜相)的转变。 相似文献