全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7097篇 |
免费 | 527篇 |
国内免费 | 541篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 361篇 |
综合类 | 437篇 |
化学工业 | 852篇 |
金属工艺 | 614篇 |
机械仪表 | 370篇 |
建筑科学 | 407篇 |
矿业工程 | 145篇 |
能源动力 | 130篇 |
轻工业 | 587篇 |
水利工程 | 128篇 |
石油天然气 | 110篇 |
武器工业 | 59篇 |
无线电 | 603篇 |
一般工业技术 | 729篇 |
冶金工业 | 1850篇 |
原子能技术 | 134篇 |
自动化技术 | 649篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 29篇 |
2023年 | 79篇 |
2022年 | 182篇 |
2021年 | 247篇 |
2020年 | 169篇 |
2019年 | 154篇 |
2018年 | 157篇 |
2017年 | 151篇 |
2016年 | 151篇 |
2015年 | 186篇 |
2014年 | 259篇 |
2013年 | 343篇 |
2012年 | 372篇 |
2011年 | 376篇 |
2010年 | 375篇 |
2009年 | 376篇 |
2008年 | 366篇 |
2007年 | 398篇 |
2006年 | 338篇 |
2005年 | 262篇 |
2004年 | 190篇 |
2003年 | 166篇 |
2002年 | 147篇 |
2001年 | 124篇 |
2000年 | 115篇 |
1999年 | 113篇 |
1998年 | 579篇 |
1997年 | 324篇 |
1996年 | 209篇 |
1995年 | 129篇 |
1994年 | 111篇 |
1993年 | 139篇 |
1992年 | 66篇 |
1991年 | 76篇 |
1990年 | 52篇 |
1989年 | 59篇 |
1988年 | 52篇 |
1987年 | 48篇 |
1986年 | 42篇 |
1985年 | 39篇 |
1984年 | 31篇 |
1983年 | 36篇 |
1982年 | 31篇 |
1981年 | 35篇 |
1980年 | 31篇 |
1979年 | 14篇 |
1978年 | 15篇 |
1977年 | 36篇 |
1976年 | 111篇 |
1974年 | 13篇 |
排序方式: 共有8165条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
11.
K M Cooper L Ribeiro P Alves V Vozikis S Tsitsamis G Alfredsson T L?vgren M Tuomola H Takalo A Iitia S S Sterk M Blokland D G Kennedy 《Food Additives & Contaminants》2003,20(9):804-812
Many zeranol immunoassay test kits cross-react with toxins formed by naturally occurring Fusarium spp. fungi, leading to false-positive screening results. This paper describes the evaluation and application of recently published, dry reagent time-resolved fluoroimmunoassays (TR-FIA) for zeranol and the toxin alpha-zearalenol. A ring test of bovine urine fortified with zeranol and/or alpha-zearalenol in four European Union National Reference Laboratories demonstrated that the TR-FIA tests were accurate and robust. The alpha-zearalenol TR-FIA satisfactorily quantified alpha-zearalenol in urine fortified at 10-30 ng ml(-1). The specificity-enhanced zeranol TR-FIA accurately quantified zeranol in the range 2-5 ng ml(-1) and gave no false-positive results in blank urine, even in the presence of 30 ng ml(-1) alpha-zearalenol. Zeranol TR-FIA specificity was demonstrated further by analysing incurred zeranol-free urine samples containing natural Fusarium spp. toxins. The TR-FIA yielded no false-positive results in the presence of up to 22 ng ml(-1) toxins. The performance of four commercially available zeranol immunoassay test kits was more variable. Three kits produced many false-positive results. One kit produced only one potential false-positive using a protocol that was longer than that of the TR-FIA. These TR-FIAs will be valuable tools to develop inspection criteria to distinguish illegal zeranol abuse from contamination arising from in vivo metabolism of Fusarium spp. toxins. 相似文献
12.
平滑相位的π/4DQPSK调制及其在移动通信系统中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文详细介绍了一种新型π/ 4DQPSK调制解调方法 ,该方法将π/ 4DQPSK调制中的相位跳变改为平滑变化。仿真实验表明 ,与普通的π/ 4DQPSK相比 ,该方法使高次谐波分量大幅下降 ,可以有效降低功耗 ,压缩频带宽度。 相似文献
14.
本文分析日产车用PDG型柴油机的结构特点及其缸套穴蚀的形成原因、危害和检查与判断方法,并提出在使用中应采取的预防措施。 相似文献
15.
16.
We have used proteolysis to examine the environment through which nascent secretory proteins are translocated across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. After solubilization of rough microsomes with detergent, fragments comprised of the approximately 70 carboxyl-terminal amino acids of translocating nascent chains initiated and targeted in vivo were protected from digestion by added proteases. About 40 amino acids of nascent chains were protected from proteolysis by the ribosome; thus, membrane-derived components protect an additional 30 amino acids. Under conditions in which those 30 additional amino acids are protected, only a small set of integral membrane proteins remained associated with the ribosome. These proteins include the Sec61 complex previously identified as the core component of the membrane-bound protein translocation apparatus. These results support the concept of a translocation pore that makes intimate contact with the ribosome and thereby protects nascent chains from proteolytic digestion for an additional, constant length. 相似文献
17.
Immobilization was carried out of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from rabbit muscle (EC 1.1.1.27), cross-linked through the bifunctional reactive glutar-aldehyde on to nylon tubing (1 m long, 53cm2 internal surface area). Immobilized LDH inactivation kinetics are of first order (t1/2 = 3·6 years, k = 5·4,e?4 day?1 to 5°C). The smaller effect of pH on activity than in the case of LDH in solution can be explained on the basis of limitation to proton diffusion towards the support. A limiting effect to free external diffusion of the substrate towards and products from the support was also observed, an effect which seems to determine the effective kinetic behaviour of immobilized LDH. The apparent optimum temperature is centred around 40°C, observing a clear inactivation (thermal denaturation) above this temperature. In the temperature range studied (10–40°C), the co-existence was seen of a kinetic control accompanied by another control, involving diffusional transport of substrates and products, on the global activity of the immobilized enzyme. This makes the Arrhenius profiles curvilinear. Both graphic and statistical non-linear regression analysis of the kinetic data—rate, v, versus substrate concentration [S]—carried out under conditions in which the diffusional limitations can be considered negligible (high recirculation flow rate), permitted investigation of the intrinsic kinetic behaviour of immobilized LDH. In this sense, it can be deduced that the rate equation to which these data seem to be fitted is of the polynomial quotient type in [S] of minimum degree 2:2. Although the diffusional limitations have a marked effect on the type of global kinetics shown by immobilized LDH, temperature was not found to affect its v[S] behaviour. The experimental evidence obtained thus indicates that the rate equation in the 10-40°C temperature range continues to be a rational equation of at least degree 2:2 in [S]. 相似文献
18.
KE McLaughlin IN Jacobs NW Todd GS Gussack G Carlson 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,107(10):1322-1331
Nasopharyngeal stenosis and oropharyngeal stenosis are rare and challenging problems in the pediatric population. The most common etiology is currently the surgical trauma associated with adenotonsillectomy. Stenosis can vary from a thin band to a complete obstructing cicatrix. Presenting symptoms range from mild hyponasal speech to severe airway obstruction. We present a series of eight children with varying degrees of stenosis and associated symptoms. Choice of treatment varied with the severity of disease. In our series, successful interventions included triamcinolone acetonide injection, lysis of adhesions, rotational and advancement mucosal flaps, and jejunal free flap. Preoperative evaluation and individualized surgical repair are essential for successful treatment. 相似文献
19.
20.
KE Ensrud DM Black L Palermo DC Bauer E Barrett-Connor SA Quandt DE Thompson DB Karpf 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,157(22):2617-2624
BACKGROUND: The efficacy of antiresorptive therapy in preventing fractures in women at highest fracture risk, such as very elderly women or those with severe osteoporosis, is uncertain. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Using data from a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial that enrolled 2027 postmenopausal women aged 55 to 81 years with low femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) and existing vertebral fractures, we examined the consistency of the effect of treatment with alendronate sodium in preventing fractures within a priori-specified risk subgroups defined at baseline by age, bone density, number of preexisting vertebral fractures, and history of postmenopausal fracture. The women were randomized to oral administration of alendronate or placebo and followed up for an average of 2.9 years. The initial dose of alendronate sodium was 5 mg/d; the dosage was increased from 5 to 10 mg/d at 24 months. New vertebral fractures, the primary end point of this arm of the trial, were defined by morphometry as a decrease of 20% and at least 4 mm in any vertebral height between baseline and a follow-up radiograph at 36 months. Incident clinical fractures, the secondary end point, included nonspine and clinical (symptomatic) vertebral fractures. All clinical fractures were confirmed with x-ray film reports or, in the case of clinical vertebral fractures, x-ray films. RESULTS: Overall, there was a 47% significant reduction in risk of new vertebral fractures in the alendronate group compared with the placebo group. The reduction in risk of new vertebral fracture was consistent across fracture risk categories including age (relative risk [RR], 0.49 in women < 75 years compared with 0.62 in those > or = 75 years), BMD (RR, 0.54 in women with a femoral neck BMD < 0.59 g/cm2 [median] compared with 0.53 in those with a BMD > or = 0.59 g/cm2), and number of preexisting vertebral fractures (RR, 0.58 in women with 1 vertebral fracture compared with 0.52 in those with > or = 2). The overall significant 28% reduction in risk of incident clinical fractures in the alendronate group compared with the placebo group was also observed within these subgroups. Compared with the number of lower-risk women, a similar or smaller number of high-risk women needed to be treated to prevent 1 fracture. For example, 8 women aged 75 years or older compared with 9 women younger than 75 years, or 4 women with 2 or more existing vertebral fractures compared with 16 women with 1 existing vertebral fracture, needed to be treated with alendronate for 5 years to prevent 1 new vertebral fracture. CONCLUSIONS: Alendronate effectively reduces fracture risk in postmenopausal women with vertebral fractures and low BMD, including those women at highest risk because of advanced age or severe osteoporosis. Since the risk reductions observed with alendronate treatment were consistent within fracture risk categories, more fractures were prevented by treating women at highest risk. 相似文献