酸性蛋白酶在玉米酒精浓醪发酵上的应用

探讨了酸性蛋白酶在应用过程中不同因素对它的影响情况,如配料浓度、酸性蛋白酶添加量、不同的酵母品牌、有无糖化工艺等。实验数据表明,为了提高酒精含量,通过添加酸性蛋白酶GC106提高配料浓度是可行的,在小试中配料浓度达到35%,既有利于提高酒精含量,又有利于提高出酒率。经过试验,确定了合理的、经济的工艺条件。     

真空油炸胡萝卜脆片基本特性的研究

真空油炸技术可用于生产高品质的果蔬脆片．主要研究了油炸温度和真空度对胡萝卜片水分质量分数、脂肪质量分数、色泽及质构的影响．试验表明：随着油炸温度和真空度的升高，其干燥和脂肪吸收速度相应提高，且两者呈一定的相关性．统计分析可知：油炸温度和真空度并不显著性影响脆片的白度（L）、红度（a）、黄度（b）值（P〉0．05）；对于脆片的破碎力而言，真空度具有显著性影响（P〈O．05），而油炸温度不具有显著性影响（P〉0．05）．     

Distribution and trophic transfer of short-chain chlorinated paraffins in an aquatic ecosystem receiving effluents from a sewage treatment plant

Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are an extremely complex group of industrial chemicals and found to be potential persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and thus have attracted extensive concern worldwide. In this study, influent, effluent, and sludge were collected from a large sewage treatment plant (STP) in Beijing, China. Water, sediment, and aquatic species were also collected from a recipient lake that receives effluents discharged from the STP. These samples were then analyzed to investigate the effect of STP effluent on distribution and trophic transfer of SCCPs in the local aquatic ecosystem. Concentrations of total SCCPs (ΣSCCPs) in lake water and surface sediments were found in the range 162-176 ng/L and 1.1-8.7 μg/g (dry weight, dw), respectively. Vertical concentration profiles of sediment cores showed ΣSCCPs decreased exponentially with increasing depth. Specific congener composition analysis in sediment layers indicated possible in situ biodegradation might be occurring. High bioaccumulation of SCCPs was observed in the sampled aquatic species. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) generally increased with the number of chlorines in the SCCP congeners. A significantly positive correlation between lipid-normalized ΣSCCPs concentration and trophic levels (R(2) = 0.65, p < 0.05) indicate that SCCPs can biomagnify through the food chain in the effluent-receiving aquatic ecosystem.     

低温贮藏对川式腊肉中蛋白质降解的影响

新鲜腊肉采用直接真空包装（A处理）和添加抗坏血酸后真空包装（B处理）后,分别在5℃和-18℃下贮藏,探讨蛋白质的降解和氨基酸组成变化。结果表明,各处理水分含量随贮藏时间的延长逐渐下降,氨基酸组成分析显示．各处理中必需氨基酸相对含量均呈增加趋势。冷藏120d时A、B处理E／N比从初始值0．65分别升至结束时的0．75和0．73．AAS从13．06分别升至44．57和51．23;冻藏处理E/N比和AAS呈先升后降趋势,冻藏120d时A、B处理E／N比从初始值0．65分别升至0．71和0．90,而AAS从13．06分别升至31．16和31．86。各处理挥发性盐基氮随贮藏时间延长不断增加,但符合SB/T10294—1998中规定二级品≤45mg／100g,超出分割冻猪肉国标、鲜、冻四分体带骨牛肉国标15mg／100g。表明短期低温贮藏和添加抗坏血酸可改善腊肉氨基酸组成,不影响腊肉食用品质。     

碱性蛋白酶及其在大豆肽制备中的应用

碱性蛋白酶是一类重要的工业用酶,广泛应用于食品、医药、洗涤剂和皮革等领域。目前食品工业用酶主要来源于微生物,且实际生产中碱性蛋白酶的效果较好。从碱性蛋白酶的产生菌株、结构和性质、应用研究现状及其在大豆肽制备中的应用等方面进行了概述。     

双水相萃取法分离纯化狗枣猕猴桃叶总黄酮

采用聚乙二醇-硫酸钠双水相体系分离纯化狗枣猕猴桃叶黄酮,确定其双水相体系组成24%PEG400-15%Na2SO4,并通过单因素试验和正交试验探讨黄酮粗提液质量浓度、KCl添加量、pH值和温度对萃取效果的影响。结果表明:黄酮粗提液质量浓度和pH值对黄酮萃取效果影响最大,其次为KCl添加量,温度的影响较小;最佳萃取条件为粗提液质量浓度C0、KCl添加量2%、pH9、25℃。在此条件下,狗枣猕猴桃叶黄酮主要分布在上相,分配系数为24.31,萃取率达到96.90%。此方法操作简单方便、成本低,是黄酮类化合物分离纯化的一种有效方法。     

辽宁地区不同来源新鲜牛乳主要营养成分分析

以位于辽宁省东南西北4个不同方位--沈阳、本溪、鞍山、锦州不同来源的新鲜牛乳为研究对象,分析其乳中脂肪含量、非脂乳固体含量、蛋白质含量、酪蛋白含量以及牛乳中不同形态的钙含量,并与相应的鲜牛乳国家标准进行比较。同时,研究鲜牛乳的主要成分在地域之间的差异和成分之间的相关性。结果表明：本实验所抽检的来自辽宁不同地区新鲜牛乳样品中脂肪含量、非脂乳固体含量、蛋白质含量均符合国家标准,但不同地区之间,3项指标的含量存在显著性差异。而牛乳中酪蛋白含量占蛋白质总量的百分率和游离钙占总钙的百分率却相当稳定,其变化范围分别为77.0%～78.5%和64.73%～66.38%。脂肪含量与非脂乳固体含量呈极显著负相关,蛋白质含量与络合钙含量呈极显著正相关关系。     

Using of infrared spectroscopy to study the survival and injury of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Campylobacter jejuni and Pseudomonas aeruginosa under cold stress in low nutrient media

The inactivation and sublethal injury of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Campylobacter jejuni and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at three temperatures (22 °C, 4 °C and −18 °C) were studied using traditional microbiological tests and mid-infrared spectroscopy (4000-400 cm⁻¹). Bacteria were cultivated in diluted nutrient matrices with a high initial inoculation (∼10⁷ CFU/ml) levels. Both E. coli O157:H7 and P. aeruginosa survived and cell numbers increased at 22 °C for 5 days while C. jejuni numbers decreased one log₁₀ CFU/ml. A two log CFU/ml decrease was observed for the three pathogens held at 4 °C for 12 days. C. jejuni survived poorly following incubation at −18 °C for 20 days while levels of E. coli O157:H7 and P. aeruginosa remained high (10⁴ CFU/ml). Temperature stress response of microbes was observed by infrared spectroscopy in polysaccharide, protein, lipid, and nucleic acid regions and was strain specific. Level of cold injury could be predicted using cluster, discriminant function and class analog analysis models. Pathogens may produce oligosaccharides and potentially other components in response to stress as indicated by changes in spectral features at 1200-900 cm⁻¹ following freezing.     

猪脂控制氧化及其香气成分GC-MS分析

文中以过氧化值(POV)、酸值(AV)、茴香胺值(P-AV)表征猪脂氧化状态,并确定生产优质猪肉味香精的脂肪控制氧化条件为:温度130℃,时间4h,此时油脂的过氧化值为341 meq/kg、酸值为1.4 mgKOH/g、茴香胺值为580。通过固相微萃取法(SPME)萃取油脂挥发性成分,气-质联用(GC-MS)分析猪脂控制氧化前后的产物,试验共检测出85种呈味物质,其中醛类物质20种,含量占香气成分总量的53.34%,(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛含量最高达到27.03%。此外还检测到酮类、醇类、烃类、呋喃、吡喃、吡啶类、δ-戊丁基内酯、γ-十二内酯等多种呈味物质。     

甲壳素固定化β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶的研究

以甲壳素为载体、戊二醛为交联剂,固定β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶,对β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶的固定化条件进行了研究,并通过正交实验确定了酶固定的最佳条件：戊二醛浓度0.7%,交联时间4h,吸附时间为9h,反应温度40℃,此时酶活力回收率可达67.32%。