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21.
A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is dynamic in nature and is composed of wirelessly connected nodes that perform hop-by-hop routing without the help of any fixed infrastructure. One of the important requirements of a MANET is the efficiency of energy, which increases the lifetime of the network. Several techniques have been proposed by researchers to achieve this goal and one of them is clustering in MANETs that can help in providing an energy-efficient solution. Clustering involves the selection of cluster-heads (CHs) for each cluster and fewer CHs result in greater energy efficiency as these nodes drain more power than noncluster-heads. In the literature, several techniques are available for clustering by using optimization and evolutionary techniques that provide a single solution at a time. In this paper, we propose a multi-objective solution by using multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm to optimize the number of clusters in an ad hoc network as well as energy dissipation in nodes in order to provide an energy-efficient solution and reduce the network traffic. In the proposed solution, inter-cluster and intra-cluster traffic is managed by the cluster-heads. The proposed algorithm takes into consideration the degree of nodes, transmission power, and battery power consumption of the mobile nodes. The main advantage of this method is that it provides a set of solutions at a time. These solutions are achieved through optimal Pareto front. We compare the results of the proposed approach with two other well-known clustering techniques; WCA and CLPSO-based clustering by using different performance metrics. We perform extensive simulations to show that the proposed approach is an effective approach for clustering in mobile ad hoc networks environment and performs better than the other two approaches. 相似文献
22.
This paper presents a method of transferring voice using short messaging service in satellite communication system. The method is especially applicable in a situation where signal strength is low and voice call is not possible. In a tunnel, basement or environment with bad climate conditions, signal strength usually gets weak which make voice call difficult but SMS works in such situation. An application has been developed using J2ME language in order to test the proposed method. For experimentation, Thuraya SG-2520 satellite phone has been used. 相似文献
23.
M. N. Khan 《Journal of Materials Science》1988,23(3):847-851
The electrical and optical properties of binary semiconducting oxide glasses containing 45 mol % V2O5 and 55 mol % GeO2 fused and equilibrated at various temperatures (T
) in air were measured.T
was varied over the range from 1000 to 1350° C. Their electrical and optical properties are shown to be sensitive to microstructure and melt temperature. We suggest that the change inT
caused progressive microstructure changes of these glasses, which dramatically affected the electronic conductivity and the activation enthalpy for conduction. 相似文献
24.
The optical properties of vanadium-phosphate glasses containing various amounts of (V2O5)50(P2O5)50–x
(VCl3)
x
, wherex = 0.05, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.1, were measured as a function of VCl3 content. It is found that by adding VCl3 to the melt when the glass is formed, the added chlorine which acts as an oxidizing agent alters the ratio of concentration of vanadium ions and thus the absorption coefficient. Data on absorption in this study show that the power law,() =B() –E
0)
n
/ is best followed forn = 3, and the absorption is solely due to vanadium oxide. Furthermore, the infrared absorption spectra of this system were investigated in the wave number range 400 to 4600cm–1. The addition of VCl3 to the vanadium-phosphate glasses does not seem to introduce any new absorption band in this range as compared with the spectrum of a pure vanadium-phosphate glass. Furthermore, no significant difference in the absorption spectra was observed by annealing the V2O5-P2O5 glasses up to 200° C. 相似文献
25.
The failure energy of an adhesive bond can be factorized into two terms, one of which is a dimensionless loss function and the other, the true interfacial bonding energy,
0. Experimental techniques have been developed to effect a separation of these two terms and thus measure
0, but they are unsuitable for the pressure-sensitive adhesives used in surgical tapes and dressings. This is because these adhesives flow readily under load. This paper describes an extrapolation technique by which this problem can be resolved. Adhesive peel data are extrapolated both to zero peel velocity and zero load, to give a true threshold value for peeling energy which is independent of temperature. Values of
0 are given for a natural-rubber based adhesive and substrates of glass and human skinin vivo. For glass
0 = 28J m–2 and for normal skin
0 14J m-2. 相似文献
26.
M. Bilal Banaras Khan H.A. Rahnamaye Aliabad M. Maqbool S. Jalai Asadabadi I. Ahmad 《Computer Physics Communications》2014
Thermoelectric properties of two antiperovskites SbNCa3 and BiNCa3 are calculated using first principles calculations. High values of Seebeck coefficients are observed for these materials. Electrical and thermal conductivities are also calculated. Increase in thermal conductivity and decrease in electrical conductivity are found with increasing temperature. The maximum values of thermal conductivity are 92×1014 W/m K s and 88×1014 W/m K s for SbNCa3 and BiNCa3 respectively at a temperature of 900 K. The peak values of 5×1020/Ω m s and 5.2×1020/Ω m s are achieved for n-type SbNCa3 and BiNCa3 respectively at a temperature of 300 K. Figure of merit is achieved for these materials at room temperature which shows that these materials can be useful for thermoelectric devices and alternative energy sources. 相似文献
27.
N. A. Khan W. E. Tolberg D. H. Wheeler W. O. Lundberg 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1954,31(11):460-466
- It has been confirmed that the principal products formed in the oxidation of methyl oleate by oxygen under a variety of conditions are predominantlytrans hydroperoxides. However no inversion of the double bond occurs in unoxidized oleate. Hence the conversion ofcis totrans double bonds and peroxide formation occur together in the same molecules.
- The autoxidation of methyl linoleate at low temperature yields predominantlycis,trans conjugated hydroperoxides. Autoxidation at 25°C., oxidation catalyzed by visible light, or ultraviolet light and copper soap catalyzed oxidation at temperatures appreciably above 0°C., lead to the formation primarily oftrans,trans conjugated hydroperoxides. The inversion of the second double bond in this case appears to be independent of the peroxide-forming reactions.
- The photochlorophyll oxidation of methyl linoleate leads to the formation of some unconjugated hydroperoxides, some of which containtrans double bonds.
- Under all of the conditions employed in the present investigation, the oxidation of methyl oleate and linoleate led primarily to the formation of monomeric peroxides which retained most of the unsaturation of the parent compound.
28.
Fahad Shahbaz Khan Shida Beigpour Joost van de Weijer Michael Felsberg 《Machine Vision and Applications》2014,25(6):1385-1397
Computer analysis of visual art, especially paintings, is an interesting cross-disciplinary research domain. Most of the research in the analysis of paintings involve medium to small range datasets with own specific settings. Interestingly, significant progress has been made in the field of object and scene recognition lately. A key factor in this success is the introduction and availability of benchmark datasets for evaluation. Surprisingly, such a benchmark setup is still missing in the area of computational painting categorization. In this work, we propose a novel large scale dataset of digital paintings. The dataset consists of paintings from 91 different painters. We further show three applications of our dataset namely: artist categorization, style classification and saliency detection. We investigate how local and global features popular in image classification perform for the tasks of artist and style categorization. For both categorization tasks, our experimental results suggest that combining multiple features significantly improves the final performance. We show that state-of-the-art computer vision methods can correctly classify 50 % of unseen paintings to its painter in a large dataset and correctly attribute its artistic style in over 60 % of the cases. Additionally, we explore the task of saliency detection on paintings and show experimental findings using state-of-the-art saliency estimation algorithms. 相似文献
29.
Soybean plant volatiles, extracted as steam distillates, significantly affected the behavior and biology of the cabbage looper,Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Distillates from the susceptible Davis variety attractedT. ni larvae and female adults, whereas those from resistant PI 227687 plants repelled them. When mixed in an artificial diet, steam distillates from PI 227687 plants caused mortality of first-instar larvae. Adults emerging from pupae topically treated with 5 g of such PI 227687 extractable showed developmental abnormalities. Larval feeding was significantly less on Davis leaves treated with PI 227687 volatiles as compared to solvent (acetone) or such Davis extractables. However, Davis volatiles on PI 227687 leaves did not increase larval feeding. HPLC analyses of steam distillates from susceptible Davis versus resistant PI 227687 indicated differences. 相似文献
30.
Group solution models of liquid mixtures have been used previously to predict thermodynamic properties of non-ideal systems. A model of this type has been developed which enables the viscosities of liquid mixtures to be predicted. The concept of an “ideal viscosity” is introduced, and allowance made for the interaction between the groups present and for the structural contributions of differing molecules. Predictions require a knowledge of only the viscosities of the pure components of a mixture. It has been tested for mixtures of alkanes, alcohols and water at 25°C, and gives good agreement with experiment. Experimental viscosities for ethanol/n-hexane, for n-propanol/water, and for four multi-component mixtures at 25°C are presented. 相似文献