A novel TFT‐OLED integration for OLED‐independent pixel programming in amorphous‐Si AMOLED pixels

Abstract— The direct voltage programming of active‐matrix organic light‐emitting‐diode (AMOLED) pixels with n‐channel amorphous‐Si (a‐Si) TFTs requires a contact between the driving TFT and the OLED cathode. Current processing constraints only permit connecting the driving TFT to the OLED anode. Here, a new “inverted” integration technique which makes the direct programming possible by connecting the driver n‐channel a‐Si TFT to the OLED cathode is demonstrated. As a result, the pixel drive current increases by an order of magnitude for the same data voltages and the pixel data voltage for turn‐on drops by several volts. In addition, the pixel drive current becomes independent of the OLED characteristics so that OLED aging does not affect the pixel current. Furthermore, the new integration technique is modified to allow substrate rotation during OLED evaporation to improve the pixel yield and uniformity. The new integration technique is important for realizing active‐matrix OLED displays with a‐Si technology and conventional bottom‐anode OLEDs.     

On Camera Calibration with Linear Programming and Loop Constraint Linearization

A technique for calibrating a network of perspective cameras based on their graph of trifocal tensors is presented. After estimating a set of reliable epipolar geometries, a parameterization of the graph of trifocal tensors is proposed in which each trifocal tensor is linearly encoded by a 4-vector. The strength of this parameterization is that the homographies relating two adjacent trifocal tensors, as well as the projection matrices depend linearly on the parameters. Two methods for estimating these parameters in a global way taking into account loops in the graph are developed. Both methods are based on sequential linear programming: the first relies on a locally linear approximation of the polynomials involved in the loop constraints whereas the second uses alternating minimization. Both methods have the advantage of being non-incremental and of uniformly distributing the error across all the cameras. Experiments carried out on several real data sets demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed approach and its efficiency in distributing errors over the whole set of cameras.     

Science and technology in the region: The output of regional science and technology, its strengths and its leading institutions

Summary We operationalize scientific output in a region by means of the number of articles (as in the SciSearch database) per year and technology output by means of the number of patent applications (as in the database of the European Patent Office) per priority year. All informetric analyses were done using the DIALOG online-system. The main research questions are the following: Which scientific and technological fields or topics are most influent within a region and which institutions or companies are mainly publishing articles or holding patents? Do the distributions of regional science and technology fields and of publishing institutions follow the well-known informetric function? Are there - as it is expected - only few fields and few institutions which dominate the region? Is there a connection between the economic power of a region and the regional publication and patent output? Examples studied in detail are seven German regions: Aachen, Düsseldorf, Hamburg, Köln (Cologne), Leipzig - Halle - Dessau, München (Munich), and Stuttgart. Three different indicators were used, science and technology attraction of a region (number of scientific articles and patents), science and technology intensity (articles and patents per 1,000 inhabitants), and science and technology density (articles and patents per 1 billion EURO gross value added). Top region concerning both attraction and intensity is Munich, concerning density it is Aachen.     

Multi-Perspective Modelling, Rendering and Imaging

A perspective image represents the spatial relationships of objects in a scene as they appear from a single viewpoint. In contrast, a multi‐perspective image combines what is seen from several viewpoints into a single image. Despite their incongruity of view, effective multi‐perspective images are able to preserve spatial coherence and can depict, within a single context, details of a scene that are simultaneously inaccessible from a single view, yet easily interpretable by a viewer. In computer vision, multi‐perspective images have been used for analysing structure revealed via motion and generating panoramic images with a wide field‐of‐view using mirrors. In this STAR, we provide a practical guide on topics in multi‐perspective modelling and rendering methods and multi‐perspective imaging systems. We start with a brief review of multi‐perspective image techniques frequently employed by artists such as the visual paradoxes of Escher, the Cubism of Picasso and Braque and multi‐perspective panoramas in cel animations. We then characterize existing multi‐perspective camera models, with an emphasis on their underlying geometry and image properties. We demonstrate how to use these camera models for creating specific multi‐perspective rendering effects. Furthermore, we show that many of these cameras satisfy the multi‐perspective stereo constraints and we demonstrate several multi‐perspective imaging systems for extracting 3D geometry for computer vision. The participants learn about topics in multi‐perspective modelling and rendering for generating compelling pictures for computer graphics and in multi‐perspective imaging for extracting 3D geometry for computer vision. We hope to provide enough fundamentals to satisfy the technical specialist without intimidating curious digital artists interested in multi‐perspective images. The intended audience includes digital artists, photographers and computer graphics and computer vision researchers using or building multi‐perspective cameras. They will learn about multi‐perspective modelling and rendering, along with many real world multi‐perspective imaging systems.     

从集体利益中产生个人利益——共鸣设计方法及其在独立住宅转化为集合住宅中的运用

提出可以增加集合住宅受欢迎度的共鸣设计方法策略,这些策略不仅考虑到建筑本身的一些可能性,同时考虑到在空间和社会环境方面的要求,涵盖了物理的、心理的以及社会的因素;指出这类策略的应用带来了高度的用户接受度并使得适应性建筑在一个长时期内可以保持其价值.阐释在设计方法的帮助下,建筑物被记录和相互比较.     

Electrochemical routes for environmentally friendly recycling of rare-earth-based (Sm–Co) permanent magnets

Journal of Applied Electrochemistry - The consumption of critical raw materials, especially those in permanent magnets of Nd–Fe–B and Sm–Co-type, has significantly grown in the...     

Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl compounds in surface waters from the North Pacific to the Arctic Ocean

Perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) were determined in 22 surface water samples (39-76°N) and three sea ice core and snow samples (77-87°N) collected from North Pacific to the Arctic Ocean during the fourth Chinese Arctic Expedition in 2010. Geographically, the average concentration of ∑PFC in surface water samples were 560 ± 170 pg L(-1) for the Northwest Pacific Ocean, 500 ± 170 pg L(-1) for the Arctic Ocean, and 340 ± 130 pg L(-1) for the Bering Sea, respectively. The perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) were the dominant PFC class in the water samples, however, the spatial pattern of PFCs varied. The C(5), C(7) and C(8) PFCAs (i.e., perfluoropentanoate (PFPA), perfluoroheptanoate (PFHpA), and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA)) were the dominant PFCs in the Northwest Pacific Ocean while in the Bering Sea the PFPA dominated. The changing in the pattern and concentrations in Pacific Ocean indicate that the PFCs in surface water were influenced by sources from the East-Asian (such as Japan and China) and North American coast, and dilution effect during their transport to the Arctic. The presence of PFCs in the snow and ice core samples indicates an atmospheric deposition of PFCs in the Arctic. The elevated PFC concentration in the Arctic Ocean shows that the ice melting had an impact on the PFC levels and distribution. In addition, the C(4) and C(5) PFCAs (i.e., perfluorobutanoate (PFBA), PFPA) became the dominant PFCs in the Arctic Ocean indicating that PFBA is a marker for sea ice melting as the source of exposure.     

Silicon temperature measurement by infrared absorption. Fundamentalprocesses and doping effects

The fundamental absorption mechanisms in silicon at 1.30 and 1.55 μm have been investigated in the temperature range of 500-800°C. For lightly doped wafers in this temperature range, the absorption at 1.55 μm is by free carriers. and that at 1.30 μm is predominantly by bandgap absorption. The effect of heavy substrate doping on infrared absorption at an elevated temperature has also been studied, and it was found that doping has little effect below levels of 7×10¹⁷ cm^-3. Above that level, the temperature dependence of free carrier absorption strongly affects the transmission as a function of temperature. The knowledge of the fundamental absorption processes is then used to predict the ultimate temperature ranges over which the technique will be useful     

Migration of single-stranded DNA in polyacrylamide gels during electrophoresis

By using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and electric birefringence, the migration of single-stranded DNA in polyacrylamide gels and orientation as a response to an electric pulse were investigated. Electrophoretic mobility is in good agreement with the model of biased reptation including fluctuations. The determination of the electrophoretic mobility in solution, mu0, allows an estimation of the gel pore diameter seen by the molecule. As previously observed for double-stranded DNA, the electric birefringence results from two processes: the alignment of the molecule along the electric field and the elongation of the primitive path in the gel, for long single-stranded DNA (>2000 bases). The combination of results obtained with the two techniques allows us to propose experimental conditions to improve the separation of single-stranded DNA with pulsed field techniques.