Numerical analysis of ductile failure of undermatched interleaf in tension

Ductile failure of an interleaf tension specimen consisting of a metal interleaf bonded between two elastic substrates, with a crack located in the centre of the metal, is studied by means of detailed finite element (FE) analyses. The rate-independent version of the Gurson model is used. This accounts for ductile failure mechanisms of micro-void nucleation, growth and coalescence within the framework of a finite deformation plasticity theory. Also, the rapid evolution of void density due to coalescence, which leads to ultimate failure, is considered. The effect of the interleaf thickness on failure (crack initiation and limited amount of crack growth) is investigated. The results show that the interleaf thickness affects crack initiation only slightly. For all specimens considered, crack initiation takes place at the crack tip. However, after crack initiation, the interleaf thickness affects stress and strain distributions significantly. Reducing the interleaf thickness significantly increases the load-carrying capacity. Moreover, reducing the interleaf thickness increases the maximum hydrostatic stress in the interleaf, which is no longer developed at the crack tip but at a distance far away from the crack tip. The resulting fracture toughness thus decreases as the interleaf thickness decreases. The shielding of the crack tip due to constrained plasticity is observed at higher load levels for interleaf specimens. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

GTI,a graphical telephone interface

Graphical Telephone Interface (GTI) is a screen-based telephony application for telecommunication services. It provides an intuitive user interface to the myriad of services and features in state-of-the-art communication systems, such as ISDN or a digital (ISDN) PBX. As a high-end telephony user interface, GTI controls voice and data connections with the comfort and ease of use to today's graphical user interfaces.     

Heranrückende Wohnbebauung; Umbau; subjektiv-?ffentliche Rechte

§ 31 Abs 5 o? BauO gew?hrt nur bei Neuerrichtungen Einwendungen gegen heranrückende Wohnbauten, nicht aber auch bei sonstigen, wenn auch substantiellen Bauma?nahmen (hier: Umbau).     

Assessment of degree of fusion of rigid PVC from inverse gas chromatographic measurements

Inverse gas chromatography of alkanes has been used to assess the degree of fusion of rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) extrudates. The relative degree of fusion is provided by ratios of the retention volumes of the alkane probe molecules in the bulk of the PVC. This method is nonintrusive and can be used to measure degree of fusion quantitatively if a completely fused reference material can be provided. The present analysis involves evaluations of the contributions to the overall retention volume of the alkane probes, resulting from adsorption and from bulk diffusion. The diffusivity of the alkanes was clearly dependent on the processing history of the PVC extrudate. A direct variation was observed between the size of the diffusing molecules and their residence time as adsorbates on the polymer surface. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Sensorische Beurteilung des Bittergeschmacks von Amarogentin und Austauschm?glichkeiten gegen Chinin in Erfrischungsgetr?nken

Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde mit Hilfe sensorischer Beurteilung der Einfluß von Saccharose, Anhydrocitronensäure und Limettearoma auf die Bitternote von Amarogentin, einem natürlichen Bitterstoff der Enzianwurzel, im Hinblick auf Austauschmöglichkeiten gegen Chinin in Erfrischungsgetränken, untersucht. Um die Austauschmöglichkeiten von Chinin durch Amarogentin beurteilen zu können, wurden die unterschiedlichen Bitterverläufe von Amarogentin und Chinin sensorisch beurteilt. Die Versuche ergaben, daß identische Bitternoten für Amarogentin und Chinin nicht zu erreichen waren. Darüber hinaus erwies sich Amarogentin gegenüber Konzentrationsänderungen von Citronensäure und Saccharose im Vergleich zu Chinin als wesentlich empfindlicher. Änderungen der Amarogentin-Konzentration hingegen hatten kaum Auswirkungen auf die Bitternote. Für Chinin ergaben sich ausschließlich Änderungen in der Intensität, nicht in der Bitternote. Amarogentin zeichnete sich durch eine abgerundete und reine Bitternote ohne störenden Nachgeschmack aus.

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Sensory evaluation of the bitter taste of amarogentin and the feasibility of its exchange for quinine in soft drinks1. Influence of sucrose and anhydrous citric acid

Summary The influence of sucrose, anhydrous citric acid and lemon flavour on the bitter taste of amarogentin, a natural bitter-tasting component of gentian root, has been investigated. The investigation, based on sensory evaluation, is aimed at evaluating the possibility of exchanging amarogentin for quinine in soft drinks. To do this the different states of bitter taste of quinine and amarogentin had to be noted in a particular way. The tests showed the possibility of obtaining identical bitter tastes from quinine and amarogentin. Additionally, amarogentin proved to be much more sensitive to changes in concentration of anhydrous citric acid and sucrose than quinine. In contrast, different amarogentin concentrations did not produce remarkable effects on the bitter taste. With quinine, the sensory tests showed a change in intensity of the bitter taste with concentration. Amarogentin produced a well-rounded and pure bitter taste without any after-taste which could impair the quality.

     

Orientierungsnummern; topographische Aufschriften; zweisprachige Gemeinden

Die mit Bescheid anzuordnende Kennzeichnung eines Geb?udes hat sich auf die Festsetzung einer Orientierungsnummer zu beschr?nken. Topographische Aufschriften (wie zB Stra?ennamen) werden durch generelle Rechtsquellen festgelegt.     

Forense Chemie

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Allgemeine analytische Methoden und Apparate

Ohne Zusammenfassung