Hydrothermal transformation of heavy oil and organic matter from carbonate rocks of oil fields of Tatarstan

In laboratory model experiments were identified features of hydrothermal transformation of heavy oil and organic matter productivity of carbonate rocks from Bashkirian stage of deposits of the Middle-Carboniferous of Tatarstan territories. Experiments were conducted at temperature of 360?°C in hydrogen environment in presence of aqueous phase. The impact of hydrothermal factors on rocks leads to decrease in content of insoluble OM - kerogen and increase content of free hydrocarbons. With increase in content of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons, content of resin-asphaltene components decreases. Changes in composition lead to significant reduction in density of heavy oil from 0.9254 to 0.8273?g/cm³.     

Composition features of hydrocarbons and rocks of Domanic deposits of different oil fields in the Tatarstan territory

Study was conducted of rocks composition and its extracted moving hydrocarbons from Domanic deposits of Tatarstan, differing in location and occurrence depth from 1379 to 1891 m. The rocks are represented from carbonate-siliceous to pure carbonates with calcite content from 24 to 99%. With increase in calcite content in rocks, the yield of extracts from them decreases. Within Romashkinskoye field, an increase in yield of bitumoids with increase the occurrence depth of the host rocks - from 0.63 to 2.40% was established. Saturated hydrocarbons content of changes from 18 to 39%, of asphaltenes - from 9 to 26%.     

Uptake and accumulation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes change the morphometric and biochemical characteristics of Onobrychis arenaria seedlings

We have studied the effect of the engineered nanomaterial Taunit, containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), on the growth of Onobrychis arenaria seedlings and investigated whether affected plants uptake and accumulate MWCNTs. We found that 100 μg/mL and 1000 μg/mL of Taunit stimulated the growth of roots and stems, and enhanced the peroxidase activity in these parts of plants. Microscopy studies showed the presence of MWCNTs in the root and leaf tissues of seedlings exposed to Taunit, suggesting that MWCNTs have a capacity to penetrate the cell walls, accumulate in roots and translocate to the leaves. Thus the stimulating effect of MWCNTs on seedlings of O. arenaria may be associated with the primary uptake and accumulation of MWCNTs by plant roots followed by translocation to the other plant tissues.     

高增压汽油机爆震的可视化研究

基于一台单缸可视化汽油机研究了缸内的爆震现象。通过调节发动机运行参数及运用高速摄影技术,在更大的观测视角内拍摄了缸内不同强度爆震的火焰发展过程。试验所记录的图像信息结合缸内压力数据,为爆震形成的原因及强烈爆震中大幅度压力振荡波的产生提供了分析依据。研究发现:末端气体自燃引起的轻微爆震与强烈爆震的压力振荡和火焰图像明显不同;爆震自燃点的发展模式影响了缸内压力波的震动幅度,诱发强烈爆震的自燃点接近缸壁区域,但并非壁面点火。自燃点可形成自燃反应锋面的扩散,其传播路径受到主火焰与缸壁的限制。     

Determination of Iron in Water Solution by Time-Resolved Femtosecond Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

The influence of the energy of femtosecond laser pulses on the intensity of Fe I (371.99 nm) emission line and the continuous spectrum of the plasma generated on the surface of Fe3+ water solution by a Ti: sapphire laser radiation with pulse duration <45 fs and energies up to 7 mJ is determined. A calibration curve was obtained for Fe3+ concentration range from 0.5 g/L to the limit of detection in water solution, and its saturation was detected for concentrations above 0.25 g/L, which is ascribed to self-absorption. The 3σ-limit of detection obtained for Fe in water solution is 2.6 mg/L in the case of 7 mJ laser pulse energy. It is found that an increase of laser pulse energy insignificantly affects on LOD in the time-resolved LIBS and leads to a slight improvement of the limit of detection.     

如何在资源受限的RISC-V内核上嵌入人工智能? ——以Codasip L31内核为例来分析基于自定义指令的神经网络

人工智能(AI)几十年来一直是一个热门的技术话题.根据Statista和Gartner的预测,人工智能的收入将在未来4年内增长4倍,在2024年后将超过1?000亿美元(1美元约为人民币6.4元). 传统上,复杂的人工智能计算在云端数据中心运行.在GPU加速器和专门的系统级芯片(SoC)的帮助下,在台式机上实现人工智能...     

Haptoglobin Induces a Specific Proteomic Profile and a Mature-Associated Phenotype on Primary Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) play a critical role in dendritic cells (DCs) ability to trigger a specific and efficient adaptive immune response for different physiological and pathological scenarios. We have previously identified constitutive DAMPs (HMGB1 and Calreticulin) as well as new putative inducible DAMPs such as Haptoglobin (HP), from a therapeutically used heat shock-conditioned melanoma cell lysate (called TRIMEL). Remarkably, HP was shown to be the most abundant protein in the proteomic profile of heat shock-conditioned TRIMEL samples. However, its relative contribution to the observed DCs phenotype has not been fully elucidated. Human DCs were generated from monocytes isolated from PBMC of melanoma patients and healthy donors. DC lineage was induced with rhIL-4 and rhGM-CSF. After additional stimulation with HP, the proteome of these HP-stimulated cells was characterized. In addition, DCs were phenotypically characterized by flow cytometry for canonical maturation markers and cytokine production. Finally, in vitro transmigration capacity was assessed using Transwell plates. Our results showed that the stimulation with HP was associated with the presence of exclusive and higher relative abundance of specific immune-; energy production-; lipid biosynthesis-; and DAMPs-related proteins. Importantly, HP stimulation enhanced the expression of specific DC maturation markers and pro-inflammatory and Th1-associated cytokines, and an in vitro transmigration of primary human DCs. Taken together, these data suggest that HP can be considered as a new inducible DAMP with an important role in in vitro DC activation for cancer immunotherapy.     

Gender-Related Aspects in Osteoarthritis Development and Progression: A Review

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease treated mostly symptomatically before approaching its definitive treatment, joint arthroplasty. The rapidly growing prevalence of OA highlights the urgent need for a more efficient treatment strategy and boosts research into the mechanisms of OA incidence and progression. As a multifactorial disease, many aspects have been investigated as contributors to OA onset and progression. Differences in gender appear to play a role in the natural history of the disease, since female sex is known to increase the susceptibility to its development. The aim of the present review is to investigate the cues associated with gender by analyzing various hormonal, anatomical, molecular, and biomechanical parameters, as well as their differences between sexes. Our findings reveal the possible implications of gender in OA onset and progression and provide evidence for gaps in the current state of art, thus suggesting future research directions.     

The In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Eremothecium oil and Its Components—Aromatic and Acyclic Monoterpene Alcohols

The microscopic fungi Eremothecium ashbyi and E. gossypii are known for their ability to synthetize essential oil, which has a composition similar to that of rose oil. The development of Eremothecium oil technology enables the production of rose-scented products, which are demanded by pharmaceutical, food, and perfumery industries. This study focuses on assessing the in vitro cytotoxicity of Eremothecium oil, in comparison with that of rose oil, using a combination of methods and two cell types (3T3 mouse fibroblast cell line and bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs)). The Eremothecium oil samples possessed cytotoxic effects that varied among strains and batches. The revealed cytotoxicity level may be used to tailor the qualitative and quantitative composition of Eremothecium oil to achieve a particular quality in its end products. These results require further analysis using other cell types and assays based on measuring other cell functions.     

Dimethylammonium iodide stabilized bismuth halide perovskite photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution

Metal halide perovskites have emerged as novel and promising photocatalysts for hydrogen generation.Currently,their stability in water is a vital and urgent research question.In this paper a novel approach to stabilize a bismuth halide perovskite[(CH₃)₂NH₂]₃[Bil₆](DA₃Bil₆)in water using dimethylammonium iodide(DAI)without the assistance of acids or coatings is reported.The DA3Bil6 powder exhibits good stability in DAI solutions for at least two weeks.The concentration of DAI is found as a critical parameter,where the I^-ions play the key role in the stabilization.The stability of DA3Bil6 in water is realized via a surface dissolution-recrystallization process.Stabilized DA3Bil6 demonstrates constant photocatalytic properties for visible light-induced photo-oxidation of I^-ions and with PtCI4 as a co-catalyst(Pt-DA₃Bil₆),photocatalytic H2 evolution with a rate of 5.7μmol·h^-1from HI in DAI solution,obtaining an apparent quantum efficiency of 0.83%at 535 nm.This study provides new insights on the stabilization of metal halide perovskites for photocatalysis in aqueous solution.