公共建筑组群设计实践笔记

从规划、城市与景观设计、建筑设计的不同层面总结与回顾了扬州新城的设计实践,指出设计在面对较大的时间跨度、地域跨度和工作内容跨度时,如何从城市空间的角度构筑“场景”.     

含柚皮苷单宁成分收敛水的制备及相关性质研究

研究含柚皮苷、单宁的化妆水,进行收敛、舒缓方面的功效评价实验。结果:提取液中单宁的含量为1.702 mg/mL,提取率22.693mg/g;保湿体系的最佳条件组合丙二醇︰甘油︰丁二醇︰吡咯烷酮为:20︰15︰5︰2;本实验化妆水配方柚皮苷用量1 mg/mL和单宁用量0.15mg/mL;筛选出最佳保湿体系配比,所配制的化妆水具有收敛、舒缓和抗菌等功效。     

青岛四方路里院街区景观环境的保护及更新策略

青岛四方路里院历史街区是现今保存较为完整的里院街区,具有极其重要的建筑、艺术、历史价值。但是随着城市建设的发展,四方路里院街区正在逐渐消逝,亟需保护。通过对四方路里院街区的物质及非物质景观环境的研究,以求四方路里院街区建筑的重生和建筑文脉的延续。     

Filtration and clogging of permeable pavement loaded by urban drainage

Permeable pavement, as a sustainable infrastructure material can promote hydrologic restoration, particulate matter (PM) and solute control. However, filtration and commensurate clogging are two aspects of continued interest and discussion. This study quantifies filtration and clogging of cementitious permeable pavement (CPP) for loadings from 50 to 200 mg/L of hetero-disperse sandy-silt PM. The CPP mix design provides a hetero-disperse pore size distribution (PSD)_pore, effective porosity (φ_e) of 24% and median pore size of 658 μm with a standard deviation of 457 μm. The PM mass separation across the entire particle size distribution (PSD)_PM exceeds 80%; with complete separation for PM greater than 300 μm and 50% separation for suspended PM. Turbidity is reduced (42–95%), and effluent is below 10 NTU in the first quartile of a loading period. Permeable pavement illustrates reductions in initial (clean-bed) hydraulic conductivity (k₀) with loading time. For all PM loadings, k₀ (3.1 × 10^?1 mm/s) was reduced to 10^?4 mm/s for runoff loading durations from 100 to 250 h, respectively. Temporal hydraulic conductivity (k) follows exponential profiles. Maintenance by vacuuming and sonication illustrate that 96–99% of k₀ is recovered. Permeable pavement constitutive properties integrated with measured PM loads and a year of continuous rainfall-runoff simulation illustrate k reduction with historical loadings. Study results measure and model filtration and hydraulic conductivity phenomena as well as maintenance requirements of permeable pavement directly loaded by urban drainage.     

针织物节能减排漂染工艺探讨

将新开发的高效前处理、染色助剂应用于针织物实用高效漂染工艺,探讨其应用工艺、产品质量及节能减排效果。分析各类前处理碱氧一浴工艺的特点、应用特性及节能减排效果;阐述涤棉针织物练染一浴工艺,免还原清洗工艺,棉针织物活性染色与抛光一浴工艺及活性染色后皂洗酶后处理工艺。并与相应的传统工艺对比其工艺曲线、质量水平、节能减排效果及污染物浓度降低情况。客观评价各类工艺的优缺点,建议生产厂家根据产品质量要求,选用相应高效助剂,并结合实际生产设备优化工艺后使用,节能减排效果将更加显著。     

Rochow-Müller反应制备甲基氯硅烷单体工艺的研究进展

Rochow-Müller反应是一种直接合成甲基氯硅烷的方法。由于其原料易得,产物收率高,工艺较易实现,成为有机硅工业单体生产的主流工艺。到目前为止,铜基催化剂仍为Rochow-Müller反应的核心催化剂,催化性能的改善对该工艺的提升具有重大意义。在探索高效催化剂和理解其机理方面已取得相关进展,但由于副产物多,复杂性高,对该反应真实反应路径的追踪仍然较为困难。对Rochow-Müller反应的热力学过程、铜基催化剂及助催化剂的应用、反应机制及动力学过程和工艺条件的影响进行综述讨论。希望这项工作能够准确地反应Rochow-Müller反应催化工艺的最新进展,并可以促进有机硅工业的可持续性发展。     

Continuous treatment effect estimation via generative adversarial de-confounding

Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery - One fundamental problem in causal inference is the treatment effect estimation in observational studies, and its key challenge is to handle the confounding...     

Rapid prediction of floating and sinking components of raw coal

A model that rapidly predicts the density components of raw coal is described. It is based on a three-grade fast float/sink test. The recent comprehensive monthly floating and sinking data are used for comparison. The predicted data are used to draw washability curves and to provide a rapid evaluation of the effect from heavy medium induced separation. Thirty-one production shifts worth of fast float/sink data and the corresponding quick ash data are used to verify the model. The results show a small error with an arithmetic average of 0.53 and an absolute average error of 1.50. This indicates that this model has high precision. The theoretical yield from the washability curves is 76.47% for the monthly comprehensive data and 81.31% using the model data. This is for a desired cleaned coal ash of 9%. The relative error between these two is 6.33%, which is small and indicates that the predicted data can be used to rapidly evaluate the separation effect of gravity separation equipment.     

The role of the methyl ester moiety in biodiesel combustion: A kinetic modeling comparison of methyl butanoate and n-butane

Growth of the biodiesel industry has motivated increased study of the combustion characteristics of its constituent molecules and building combustion modeling capability. Understanding how these characteristics differ between bio-derived and conventional diesel fuels can help in evaluating biodiesel performance. A kinetic modeling comparison of methyl butanoate and n-butane, its corresponding alkane, contrasted the combustion of methyl esters and normal alkanes, towards understanding the effect of the methyl ester moiety. Utilizing a combined n-heptane and methyl butanoate kinetic mechanism in shock tube simulations, the results predicted no region of negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behavior for methyl butanoate, compared to a well defined NTC region for n-butane. We observed that oxidation pathways associated with the methyl ester moiety inhibited NTC behavior, through increased production of hydroperoxy radicals (HO₂) instead of hydroxyl radicals (OH). In addition, we compared the evolution of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ethylene and acetylene. The early formation of CO and CO₂, directly from methyl butanoate, revealed unique reaction pathways that also influenced a reduction in soot precursor formation. Overall, these results will help to understand how combustion processes change with the inclusion of oxygenated fuels, which will inform the study and design of combustion technologies.