有机硅膜分离润滑油中脱蜡溶剂的机理研究

利用气相色谱法,在348．15～368．15K温度,测定了正己烷、正庚烷、正癸烷、甲苯和丁酮溶剂在有机硅膜中的无限稀释扩散系数,结合Vrentas-Duda自由体积模型计算得到溶剂／有机硅膜体系溶剂有限浓度扩散系数,在理论上预测了不同溶剂在有机硅膜中扩散特性对膜分离性能的影响,在实验和理论两个方面,为进一步研究有机硅膜分离机理打下了基础．     

往复副螺棱高度对单螺杆挤出机内混合行为的影响

建立了带有扰动副螺棱的单螺杆均化段数学模型,探讨了不同副螺棱高度对混合的影响。将有限体积方法与叠加网格技术相结合,得到了螺槽内牛顿流体三维等温周期性速度场。采用4阶Runge-Kutta方法进行流体前锋追踪计算,得到了粒子群及示踪剂界面混合行为。Poincaré截面揭示了混沌混合在螺槽横截面内呈现"8"字形带状分布,内外分别被准周期运动区域填充。副螺棱高度越大,混沌混合区域所覆盖的尺度越大,混合能力越好。     

A_Ⅰ型多元固溶体价电子结构的计算

利用“固体与分子经验电子理论”提出:1)A(?)型多元置换、间隙式固溶体价电子结构计算的模型;z)末知键距结构的键距差(BLD)分析方法;3)BLD分析中解的不唯一性的处理。     

Inorganic/Organic Double‐Network Gels Containing Ionic Liquids

Highly robust ion gels, termed double‐network (DN) ion gels, composed of inorganic/organic interpenetrating networks and a large amount of ionic liquids (ILs), are fabricated. The DN ion gels with an 80 wt% IL content show extraordinarily high mechanical strength: more than 28 MPa of compressive fracture stress. In the DN ion gel preparation, a brittle inorganic network of physically bonded silica nanoparticles and a ductile organic network of polydimethylacrylamide (PDMAAm) are formed in the IL. Because of the different reaction mechanisms of the inorganic/organic networks, the DN ion gels can be formed by an easy and free‐shapeable one‐pot synthesis. They can be prepared in a controllable manner by manipulating the formation order of the inorganic and organic networks via not only multistep but also single‐step processes. When silica particles form a network prior to the PDMAAm network formation, DN ion gels can be prepared. The brittle silica particle network in the DN ion gel, serving as sacrificial bonds, easily ruptures under loading to dissipate energy, while the ductile PDMAAm network maintains the shape of the material by the rubber elasticity. Given the reversible physical bonding between the silica particles, the DN ion gels exhibit a significant degree of self‐recovery by annealing.     

Selective Coloration of Melanin Nanospheres through Resonant Mie Scattering

Black melanin inks are prepared to selectively exhibit colors under strong light, inspired by human hair. High absorbance of melanin suppresses multiple scattering, causing resonant Mie scattering predominant. Various colors can be developed as the resonant wavelength dictated by nanosphere diameter. Therefore, the melanin inks can be used to encrypt and selectively disclose multicolor patterns for anticounterfeiting applications.     

Enhanced π–π Interactions of Nonfullerene Acceptors by Volatilizable Solid Additives in Efficient Polymer Solar Cells

Fine‐tuning of the nanoscale morphologies of the active layers in polymer solar cells (PSCs) through various techniques plays a vital role in improving the photovoltaic performance. However, for emerging nonfullerene (NF) PSCs, the morphology optimization of the active‐layer films empirically follows the methods originally developed in fullerene‐based blends and lacks systematic studies. In this work, two solid additives with different volatilities, SA‐4 and SA‐7, are applied to investigate their influence on the morphologies and photovoltaic performances of NF‐PSCs. Although both solid additives effectively promote the molecular packing of the NF acceptors, due to the higher volatility of SA‐4, the devices processed with SA‐4 exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 13.5%, higher than that of the control devices, and the devices processed with SA‐7 exhibit poor performances. Through a series of detailed morphological analyses, it is found that the volatilization of SA‐4 after thermal annealing is beneficial for the self‐assembly packing of acceptors, while the residuals due to the incomplete volatilization of SA‐7 have a negative effect on the film morphology. The results delineate the feasibility of applying volatilizable solid additives and provide deeper insights into the working mechanism, establishing guidelines for further material design of solid additives.     

Self-assembly synthesis of cactuslike Cu2O 3D nanoarchitectures via a low-temperature solution approach

Cu₂O nanocactuses were synthesized via a simple, low-temperature, and no time-consuming wet chemical route. The synthesized products were systematically studied by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the formation of Cu₂O nanocactuses was strongly depended on the addition of CTAB and NaOH. The structural evolution of the cactuslike Cu₂O was found to follow dissolution and recrystallization processes. It is noteworthy that the stepwise synthetic procedure was crucial to the growth of the final nanoarchitectures. UV–vis spectrum was also used to estimate the absorption and photodegradation ability of the nanocactuses.     

Influence of the nonideality of near-cathode plasma on the current density in the cathode spot of a vacuum arc

The conductivity of a nonideal plasma is estimated at concentrations of the order of 10²¹ cm⁻³ and temperature of (1.12–3.48)·10⁴ K (1–3 eV). The influence of correlation effects is considered. The conductivity calculated from the Spitzer formula is shown to be higher over the range of temperatures indicated than that of nonideal plasma for the same values of the pertinent parameters. Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 5, pp. 46–48, May, 1995.     

Characterization of residual stresses from cold expansion using spatial statistics

Residual stress fields from cold expansion have been widely used to extend the fatigue life of aircraft structures. However, the spatial statistical character of these residual stress fields has not been established and has not been incorporated in current analysis methods. The objective of this study was to establish a spatial statistical method to quantify the residual stress field around a cold expanded hole. A framework called the Spatial Analysis of Residual Stress (SpARS) was developed utilizing spatial correlation, response surface modelling techniques and statistical resampling methods to characterize the residual stress field. Our results showed that tolerance bounds on residual stress can be quantified using this method. We also demonstrated the SpARS method using recently published round robin case studies. The newly developed model will be useful for aircraft structural fatigue crack growth analyses to incorporate residual stress fields for extending inspection intervals for fatigue and fracture critical structures.     

驱油流体吸附抑制剂的合成与评价

目的在化学驱的实施过程中,地层对驱油剂的吸附滞留是表面活性剂进入地层后含量损失的一种主要原因,为了减少驱油流体在地层的损耗成本而展开对驱油液体吸附抑制剂的研究。 方法以二氰二胺(DCD)、1-十八胺盐酸盐(OHC)为原料,基于亲核加成的原理采用熔融法在150 ℃下合成了一种针对驱油流体的吸附抑制剂OHCB,该表面活性剂同时具备强疏水基、强极性原子和阳离子基团,因此具有较强的占据黏土矿物表面吸附位点的能力。对其进行了红外吸收、紫外吸收、元素分析、质谱等结构表征,采用静态吸附法研究了其作为添加剂的最佳配比,并验证在最佳配比下对驱油剂AEO7的吸附抑制效果,以及该体系相较AEO7单一体系的静态洗油效率、乳化性及润湿性的变化。 结果OHCB抑制驱油剂AEO7在黏土矿物表面的吸附效果较好,在驱油剂与吸附抑制剂质量比为5∶1的情况下,抑制效果可达27%以上。 结论OHCB不仅具有较好的吸附抑制效果,且其加入使AEO7的静态洗油效率提升至27.3%、γ_cmc降至27.1 mV/m,CMC降至38 mg/L、油-水界面张力降至0.5 mV/m以下,对体系性能起到了协同增效的作用,并且相较于需要预吸附的牺牲剂,其使用更为便捷。 