棉籽的综合利用及深加工技术

棉籽是棉花加工的副产品,综合利用棉籽对节约资源、提高经济效益、促进农业生态系统良性循环有着重要意义.介绍了棉籽油制备生物柴油、棉籽粕脱毒的方法,以及利用棉籽制备高附加值产品棉酚、棉子糖、维生素E、木糖醇的技术,并对棉籽的深加工及利用技术应用前景进行了展望.     

羧甲基化壳聚糖在制革染色中的应用研究

通过不同羧甲基壳聚糖在染色工艺中的水平实验分析以及不同加入顺序对染色结果的影响.结果表明:羧甲基化壳聚糖作为制革工业中的染色助剂,起到增深增艳的效果,其染色上染率、匀染性以及干湿擦等性能也得到提高.     

制革污泥生产有机肥

制革污泥含有大量的有机物、各种营养元素,是制造有机肥的可用物.本文对制革污泥采用好氧发酵、有机物复合成有机肥.通过桂花、能源草培养对比发现,复合机肥能较好地作为植物生长用肥.由此,给制革污泥的资源化利用找到了新途径.     

滴流床反应器持液量的滞后现象

通过采用电容层析成像仪测定了不同气速、不同液速、不同操作方式以及不同床层位置的持液量滞后曲线,发现影响持液量滞后的最大因素是液体流速。在实验的基础上,分析了不同操作状态下产生滞后现象的原因,并提出了采用持液量滞后曲线终点来判断脉冲点的关联式：Re^＊LReG^＊0.42042=800。     

环烷酸的精制工艺研究

用HCI对从柴油中脱除的环烷酸进行精制,考察了各工艺因素对其精制效果的影响,得到最佳工艺条件：酸化温度为55℃、静置时间为3h,水洗温度为90℃和水洗次数为1次,用此优化工艺得到的环烷酸纯度达到98．6％。     

纳米二氧化硅／MC尼龙6原位复合材料非等温结晶动力学

通过阴离子开环聚合法制各纳米二氧化硅／MC尼龙6原位复合材料,采用差示扫描量热法研究MC尼龙6及其原位纳米复合材料非等温结品行为,并利用修正Avrami方程的Jeziomy和Liu的方法进一步处理原位纳米复合材料的非等温结晶动力学,结果表明在纳米二氧化硅／MC尼龙6原位复合材料中,纳米二氧化硅对基体MC尼龙6的结晶有一定的成核作用,并提高了其结品速率。     

Preparation and swelling properties of semi‐IPN hydrogels based on chitosan‐g‐poly(acrylic acid) and phosphorylated polyvinyl alcohol

The phosphorylated poly(vinyl alcohol) (P‐PVA) samples with various substitution degrees were prepared through the esterification reaction of PVA and phosphoric acid. By using chitosan (CTS), acrylic acid (AA) and P‐PVA as raw materials, ammonium persulphate (APS) as an initiator and N,N‐methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker, the CTS‐g‐PAA/P‐PVA semi‐interpenetrated polymer network (IPN) ssuperabsorbent hydrogel was prepared in aqueous solution by the graft copolymerization of CTS and AA and followed by an interpenetrating and crosslinking of P‐PVA chains. The hydrogel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques, and the influence of reaction variables, such as the substitution degree and content of P‐PVA on water absorbency were also investigated. FTIR and DSC results confirmed that PAA had been grafted onto CTS backbone and revealed the existence of phase separation and the formation of semi‐IPN network structure. SEM observations indicate that the incorporation of P‐PVA induced highly porous structure, and P‐PVA was uniformly dispersed in the polymeric network. Swelling results showed that CTS‐g‐PAA/P‐PVA semi‐IPN superabsorbent hydrogel exhibited improved swelling capability (421 g·g^?1 in distilled water and 55 g·g^?1 in 0.9 wt % NaCl solution) and swelling rate compared with CTS‐g‐PAA/PVA hydrogel (301 g·g^?1 in distilled water and 47 g·g^?1 in 0.9 wt % NaCl solution) due to the phosphorylation of PVA. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

合成右旋糖酐菌体固定化研究

为了将微生物固定化技术用于合成右旋糖酐,对肠膜明串珠菌20074固定化载体和固定化条件进行了研究。活性炭固定肠膜明串珠菌20074的效果较好,以活性炭为载体,获得肠膜明串珠菌20074的固定化条件为:培养基初始pH值为7.10,接种量10%,固定化时间10~13 h,摇床转速150 r/min,温度25℃,右旋糖酐产率为81.6%。用高效凝胶渗透色谱法测定合成的右旋糖酐相对分子质量大于40万,红外光谱表征产品结构中的特征基团与标准品相符。     

Oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuel using amphiphilic quaternary ammonium phosphomolybdate catalysts

Phosphomolybdic acid (HPMo) modified respectively with tetramethyl ammonium chloride (TMAC), dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DTAC) and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (HTAC) as the catalysts were prepared and characterized by FT-IR, XRD and SEM. The catalysts were evaluated for the oxidative desulfurization of benzothiophene (BT), dibenzothiophene (DBT) and straight-run diesel using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. Results show that all of the catalysts keep the Keggin structures and are finely dispersed with mixing of quaternary ammonium salts. Hexadecyl chains are more favorable to wrap up DBT to the catalytic center and form stable emulsion system with higher conversion rates of DBT. The shorter dodecyl chains can wrap up BT more suitably and bring smaller steric hindrance, which display higher conversion rates of BT. The oxidative reactions fit apparent first-order kinetics, and the apparent activation energies of DBT are much lower than those of BT. The desulfurization rate of straight-run diesel can be up to 84.4% with the recovery rate of 98.1% catalyzed by [HPMo][HTAC]₂ in 2 h. When increasing the extraction times, the desulfurization rates increase, but the recovery rates of diesel decrease significantly.     

无黏结预应力混凝土开洞板的变形研究

通过对2块不开洞和6块开洞无黏结预应力混凝土板的实验,分析了荷载与挠度的关系,通过实测挠度值与计算值相比较,发现实测值大于计算值,分析其原因,主要是板的结构形式、支承梁、开洞及洞口位置等这些因素对挠度产生了影响。