Egg White Lysozyme Purification by Ultrafiltration and Affinity Chromatography

Isolation and purification of lysozyme from hen egg white was studied using a two-step procedure. The egg white was diluted 5- to 9-fold with sodium phosphate buffer, and then processed by sequential dilution diafiltration using a UF membrane (molecular weight cut-off 300,000 dalton). The membrane process increased the specific activity of lysozyme 6-fold, and recovered 96% of lysozyme activity. The permeate from diafiltration was further purified by affinity chromatography using chitin as adsorbent. The second step of the process yielded a product of specific activity of 70,400 units/mg protein. The overall lysozyme recovery was 79%.     

灾害孤岛潜势风险分群与降雨警戒值探讨

台湾本身地貌特性以及近年来强降雨事件发生频繁,促使山区地带发生复合式灾害,如崩塌、泥石流与山洪等,因此灾害孤岛效应有必要仿效泥石流以及洪水灾害,制定出参考警戒值以及警戒线,将有助于防灾决策、救难资源投入以及灾害风险判释。本文针对台湾发生过灾害孤岛效应的114个村进行分析,且着重于首次发生灾害的台风降雨事件。首先通过群集分析并依照各样本的6个灾因指标进行分类,群集结果显示可分为8个群,并再以象限分布描述各群的潜势相对风险。采用2004—2015年台风降雨事件的观测雨量数据,并利用距离反比权重法,得出各村的累积降雨量(R)与最大时雨量(I)。整合各群集样本雨量数据后,使用台湾水土保持局使用的RTI模式概念,计算出各群集之RTImin、RTI30、RTI50和RTI70,以绘制低风险区(0～30%)、中风险区(30～70%)和高风险区(70%～100%),其中着重探讨灾害孤岛事件的下限值RTImin,以便可得知最易发生灾害的群集。结果显示,各群的潜势风险反映RTImin的效果良好,如潜势风险越高则其RTImin值越低,即雨量驱动灾害发生的条件较低。群集中,第1与2群为低风险群、第3、5与6群为中风险群、第4、7与8群为高风险群,仅第5群无法透过RTImin验证潜势风险关系,故本文挑选的6项灾因指标,为辨别灾害孤岛效应潜势等级的重要因子。     

沥青路面拥包三维指标计算方法

为全面、准确评价沥青路面拥包严重程度,实现三维指标的自动计算,利用室内三维激光检测设备获取高精度、高密度的拥包模型激光点云数据,采用Lowess算法进行数据预处理,再利用RANSAC算法获取拥包下底面轮廓数据,基于HARR矩阵建立拥包三维模型.在此基础上,利用高差法和微元逼近法分别计算了拥包的最大高度、下底面积、隆起体积与行车方向最大坡度等三维指标;对比轻、重两个严重等级的拥包三维指标计算结果,研究激光线纵向间距对指标计算误差的影响规律.结果表明:当激光线纵向间距为0.5 mm时,拥包最大高度、下底面积、隆起体积和行车方向最大坡度的相对误差分别不超过3.28%、2.17%、3.76%和1.97%;随着激光线纵向间距逐渐增大至10 mm,拥包三维重构模型产生部分缺失,导致拥包三维指标相对误差逐渐增大;当间距为5 mm时,三维指标计算最大相对误差分别为3.49%、4.65%和7.11%和7.27%;当间距为10 mm时,隆起体积和行车方向最大坡度的相对误差均超过10%;建议采用三维激光技术对拥包进行检测时,纵向间距设置不大于5 mm,以保证拥包三维指标计算结果准确性.三维指标计算方法可评价拥包严重程度,评估行车安全风险.     

EFFECT OF DIETARY FIBER ON THE PREVENTION OF LIVER LIPID ACCUMULATION INDUCED BY HIGH POLYUNSATURATED OIL

This study investigated whether dietary fiber can prevent the accumulation of liver lipids due to the ingestion of polyunsaturated oil. Fifteen percent fish oil (FO) was added to the basal diet as a source of polyunsaturated oil. Ten percent cellulose, pectin, guar gum, konjac mannan or gum Arabic was mixed in the diet as a source of dietary fiber. Commercial Purina rat chow was used as a control and a fiber-free (blank) diets were also employed in the study. Each experimental diet was fed to each group of 6 Wistar rats for 8 weeks. Fish oil feeding lowered the plasma triacylglycerols (TG) and cholesterol (CS) levels. Rats fed a fiber-free diet had higher liver weights indicating hepatomegaly and a marked accumulation of liver lipids. With the exception of cellulose and gum Arabic, the inclusion of dietary fiber in FO diets lowered the plasma total lipids and CS; plasma TG was unchanged. Pectin and guar gum enhanced the CS-lowering effect of the FO diet. All of the test fibers, but especially pectin and guar gum, reduced the accumulation of total lipids, TG and CS in rat liver caused by dietary FO. Hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was reduced in rats fed FO, but dietary fiber had no effect on the activity of this enzyme.     

A simulated annealing approach for optimization of multi-pass turning operations

In this paper, an optimization algorithm based on the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm and the Hooke-Jeeves pattern search (PS) is developed for optimization of multi-pass turning operations. The cutting process is divided into multi-pass rough machining and finish machining. Machining parameters are determined to optimize the cutting conditions in the sense of the minimum unit production cost under a set of practical machining constraints. Experimental results indicate that the proposed nonlinear constrained optimization algorithm, named SA/PS, is effective for solving complex machining optimization problems. The SA/PS algorithm can be integrated into a CAPP system for generating optimal machining parameters.     

具有三维聚焦之微型流式细胞/颗粒计数仪

本研究提出一种新式的微型细胞颗粒计数器,此微型细胞颗粒计数器结合二维水力聚焦及微文件流结构(micro-weir structure)于微管道中,可进行高精确度及均一性的细胞或颗粒计数,本研究是利用简单的等向性(isotropie)的湿式蚀刻技术来制作微文件流结构于玻璃基材上,而此微型细胞颗粒计数器的主要构成的组件包含二维边鞘流的聚焦结构,其主要功能为将细胞或颗粒聚焦于x-Y平面上,而微文件流结构的目的在于将细胞或颗粒在z方向的筛选,最后利用雷射诱导荧光系统将细胞或颗粒侦测出.在实验与数值分析的结果,显示此微型细胞颗粒计数器确实可进行高精确度及均一性的细胞或颗粒的计数,并且可以提供一个微型化的生物分析系统.     

ISO/IEC、美日中氢能技术标准化体系比较与建议

技术标准在技术进步、国际贸易中具有重要作用。全景式梳理、比较氢能技术标准化体系发展与现状,对于促进技术进步、规范国际贸易至关重要。本文综述了ISO/IEC、美国、日本和中国等5个主体氢能技术标准化体系：介绍了上述5个主体的氢能标准化机构,详细梳理了ISO/IEC氢能国际标准与美日中氢能国家标准/行业标准的层级结构比例,并按标准具体内容将其归类到8个技术类别中,分析了各主体在8个技术类别中的分布与特征。文中指出相比于美国和日本,中国氢能技术标准化体系存在行业标准数量较少、氢能产业联盟在行业标准制定中主导性弱和部分技术类别覆盖度低的不足。针对上述不足,文章对中国氢能技术标准体系提出两条发展建议：增加行业标准数量,以发挥其对标准体系补充、完善的作用,为此需赋予中国氢能产业联盟制定行业标准的权限;优化中国氢能技术标准分布,提高氢储运与加注以及氢能应用等技术类别的覆盖度,保障氢能产业从定点示范运营到城市群大规模推广的顺利升级。     

Cholesterol Removal from a Lard-water Mixture with β-Cyclodextrin

The effect on removing cholesterol from a lard-water mixture by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) increased with increasing level of β-CD (1–10%). About 90% of cholesterol was removed from lard by 5%β-CD with 1: 1 ratio of lard-to-water and stirrina at 150 rpm and 27°C for 1 hr. The acid value of β-CD treated lard was significantly decreased due to removal of free fatty acid. The peroxide value of β-CD treated lard was slightly increased whereas the fatty acid composition apparently was not changed.     

Cholesterol Oxides in Commercial Dry Egg Products: Isolation and Identification

5α-Cholestan-5,6α epoxy-3β-ol (cholesterol α-oxide) and 5β-cholestan-5,6β-epoxy-3β-ol (cholesterol β-oxide) were isolated from freshly dehydrated commercial whole egg and yolk powders. The isolates were shown to have identical HPLC retention volumes to those of synthesized cholesterol α- and β-oxides, respectively. Their mass (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectra were also proven to be identical. Cholesterol oxides found in dehydrated egg products may have been formed during the commercial drying process since no oxides were found in fresh shell eggs nor in the egg samples lyophilized in the laboratory.