改进的TOPSIS模型在地下水水质评价中的应用

地下水水质评价是保护水环境实现地下水资源可持续利用的重要基础工作。为了克服使用TOPSIS模型评价水质时常受到多指标决策的局限性,对原模型进行了两点改进:一是采用以主观赋权(AHP法)与客观赋权(熵权法)相结合确定组合权重;二是采用Kullback-Leibler距离代替传统方法中的欧式距离计算贴近度。利用改进后的TOPSIS模型,分别对邯郸市、焦作市地下水水质进行评价,评价结果分别与参考文献对比基本一致,表明改进后的TOPSIS模型,计算方法基本合理可行,具有一定的探索价值。     

大伙房模型在石佛寺流域洪水预报方案中的应用

为了提高辽河流域洪水预报精度,缓解流域下游的防洪压力,为水库防洪调度提供科学依据,现以水文自动测报系统为技术支持,以大伙房模型为例研究了石佛寺水库的洪水预报方案,并使用粒子群算法对大伙房模型进行了参数优选。计算结果表明,模拟预报结果都属于甲级方案,预报方案合理,并且符合石佛寺流域的结构特点,充分反映了洪水的时空变化,可用于石佛寺水库的预报调度。     

化学混凝与活性炭吸附联用处理水源水研究

化学混凝法和活性炭吸附是水处理的常用工艺,其中化学混凝法效率较低,活性炭吸附成本较高,然而这两种工艺联用是否经济有效并不清楚.本研究探讨了粒状/粉末活性炭吸附、化学混凝法、混凝-活性炭吸附3种工艺处理大明山水源水的效率和成本.结果表明：在各工艺的最优条件下,混凝-粉末活性炭工艺的效率最高,其最优条件是不调节原水pH （pH=6.35～6.69）,三氯化铁（40 mg/L）混凝,0.2 mg/mL粉末活性炭吸附.经此工艺处理后原水的色度（35度～37度）降为1.5度, 浊度（4NTU～6 NTU）降为0.5 NTU,COD（19 mg/L～22 mg/L）降为4.5 mg/L,去除率分别达到95.7％,91.6％,79.4％,已达到生活饮用水标准,并且此工艺成本仅相当于单纯粉末活性炭工艺的37.2％.综上,选择混凝-粉末活性炭工艺处理南宁大明山水源水在技术和经济上具有可行性.     

Trace amounts of impurities in electrolytic manganese metal by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

An analytical method, using sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （SF-ICP-MS） for rapid simultaneous determination of Be, Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sn, Sb, Pb and Bi in electrolytic manganese metal, was described. At the beginning, the samples were decomposed by HNO3 and H2504, and then analyzed by SF-ICP-MS. Most of the spectral interferences could be avoided by measuring in different mass resolution modes. The matrix effects due to the excess of sulfuric acid and Mn were evaluated. Correction of matrix effects was conducted by using the internal standard elements. The optimum condition for the determination was investigated and discussed. The detection limit is in the range of 0.001-0.169 gg/L. The current method is applied to the determination of trace impurities in electrolytic manganese metal. And experiments show that good results can be obtained much faster, more accurately and conveniently by current method.     

Self-adaptive PID controller of microwave drying rotary device tuning on-line by genetic algorithms

The control design, based on self-adaptive PID with genetic algorithms(GA) tuning on-line was investigated, for the temperature control of industrial microwave drying rotary device with the multi-layer(IMDRDWM) and with multivariable nonlinear interaction of microwave and materials. The conventional PID control strategy incorporated with optimization GA was put forward to maintain the optimum drying temperature in order to keep the moisture content below 1%, whose adaptation ability included the cost function of optimization GA according to the output change. Simulations on five different industrial process models and practical temperature process control system for selenium-enriched slag drying intensively by using IMDRDWM were carried out systematically, indicating the reliability and effectiveness of control design. The parameters of proposed control design are all on-line implemented without iterative predictive calculations, and the closed-loop system stability is guaranteed, which makes the developed scheme simpler in its synthesis and application, providing the practical guidelines for the control implementation and the parameter design.     

溶剂萃取分离S-(+)-DMCPA酶法制备液中底物和产物的研究

采用分步溶剂萃取法对脂肪酶Novozyme 435催化2,2-二甲基环丙烷甲酸乙酯(DMCPE)不对称水解得到的S-(+)-2,2-二甲基环丙烷甲酸(S-(+)-DMCPA)制备液进行萃取分离.结果表明,采用等体积正己烷为萃取剂,在35℃和200r/min下,对酶法制备液萃取3次,每次萃取40min,底物DMCPE的萃取收率可达99.2%;继而采用等体积的乙酸乙酯在30℃,200r/min条件下,对萃余液进行2次萃取,每次萃取30min,产物S-(+)-DMCPA的萃取收率为99.5%.该研究对从酶法制备液中实现产物S-(+)-DMCPA的分离和未转化底物DMCPE的回收再利用,以及今后该分离过程的放大具有一定的借鉴和指导意义.     

有机质的地质热示踪意义及其成矿作用——以桂西北卡林型金矿为例

在卡林型金矿中有机质常与矿石共生,根据有机地球化学理论,可利用有机质示踪地质热事件。以桂西北卡林型金矿为例,研究有机质的基本类型及地球化学特征,探讨了桂西北地区卡林型金矿中有机质对地质热事件的示踪及其与金矿成矿的关系：①桂西北地区各矿区的有机质可划分为原生型干酪根和迁移型有机流体两种基本类型,其中,迁移型有机质主要为凝胶化有机质,主要是地层原生有机质在地质热事件的影响下由于热降解作用生成的有机流体的残余物,其形成、演化与成矿关系极为密切;②桂西北地区卡林型矿区地层中的有机质成熟作用由矿体向近矿围岩、再过渡到矿体外围,其氯仿沥青A含量及其A/C值由大逐渐变小,反映成矿过程中,成矿的地质热事件对于地层原生有机质影响所产生的热效应,从矿体到外围地层逐渐减弱;③地质热事件对于金矿区赋矿地层中有机质产生了明显的改造。     

一种求解生产-配送问题的协同优化方法

研究了多时段、多产品、有生产和库存能力约束的生产-配送问题,从整体的角度优化生产批量和车辆调度,并利用交货时间因素来协调各模块的优化过程,进而得到更优的运作方案.生产批量和车辆调度都是NP难问题,鉴于问题的复杂性,设计了一个遗传算法与和声搜索算法相结合的优化策略,对6个不同规模的问题分别进行了独立优化和协同优化,数值实验结果显示了协同优化策略的优越性.