联合空间与角度的符号相干系数平面波成像北大核心CSCD

超声平面波成像是近年来一种应用较广泛的超快速超声成像方法,多角度相干平面波复合(Coherent Plane Wave Compounding,CPWC)成像在不过多损失速率的情况下,提升成像质量。但普通的CPWC方法只是简单复合多个角度延时叠加(Delay and Sum,DAS)后的数据,并未考虑到单个角度内以及多个角度之间数据的相关性。文章提出了一种联合空间与角度的符号相干系数(Angular Spatial Sign Coherence Factor,asSCF)平面波成像方法,将空间符号相干因子和角度符号相干因子创新性地融合到波束合成的过程中,充分考虑信号之间的相关性,旨在提升多角度复合成像质量。进行了仿真实验、仿体实验以及在体组织实验,对asSCF-CPWC方法、单一的符号相干系数法以及传统CPWC方法成像进行对比,结果发现asSCF-CPWC方法具有更好的横向分辨能力和成像对比度。     

基于ANSYS强度仿真与动力学测试的包装结构优化设计

目的 在保障机械结构强度的前提下,对消费量大的某泵用木包装结构进行优化设计,对机械强度进行CAE有限元仿真,并进行振动跌落冲击测试,以降低成本提高产品价值。方法 首先分析产品的使用功能,设计新型包装方案,将原有铁底板支撑结构优化改为用材更少的V型木质支撑结构,建立力学模型,进行底强度分析以及稳定性计算;然后运用SolidWorks建立3D模型,运用ANSYS Workbench进行仿真评估;最后生产出新型包装,并根据包装测试标准进行了测试。结果 新的包装结构用V型木质取代了铁底板支撑,节约了100%的铁质包装材料,并通过了冲击振动跌落测试。优化设计的新包装型式能满足运输过程中的冲击振动跌落等产品保护要求,满足运输稳定性的功能要求。结论 本文以价值工程理念为指导,优化设计的新包装结构,在满足产品功能的同时节约了成本,是价值工程在包装优化领域极好的运用,为机械工程领域包装工程师提供了设计参考和解决方案。     

Physics-Informed Multistage Machine Learning Strategy for the Nanomachining-Induced Plastic Deformation Behavior

The evolution of the dislocation density induced by the nanomachining process dominates the plastic deformation behaviors of materials, thus affecting the mechanical properties significantly. However, a challenging topic related to how to establish an accurate model for predicting the dislocation density based on the limited simulations and experiments arises due to the complicated thermal–mechanical coupling mechanism during the machining process. Herein, a multistage method integrating machine learning, physics, and high-throughput atomic simulation is proposed to investigate the effect of cutting speed on the dislocation behavior in polycrystal copper. Compared with the traditional one-step machine learning method, the constraint of physical features effectively improves the accuracy and generalization ability of the model. The results indicate that the dislocation behaviors depend on the competition between the cutting force and temperature. In the low-cutting speed, the predominated role of the cutting temperature leads to a rapid decline of the dislocation density. In contrast, the dislocation density tends to be stable under a high-speed cutting process due to the dynamic balance between the effects of the cutting force and temperature. Notably, the proposed strategy provides a new and universal framework to design the machining parameters to obtain high-quality products.     

Internet of Cultural Things: Current Research,Challenges and Opportunities

Driven by the visions of the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and 5G communications, the Internet of Cultural Things (IoCT) realize the comprehensive interconnection among cultural products, cultural services, cultural resources, and cultural platforms, bringing individuals with richer humanistic experience, increasing economic benefits for the cultural sector, and promoting the development of cultural heritage protection and education. At present, IoCT has received widespread attention in both industry and academia. To explore new research opportunities and assist users in constructing suitable IoCT systems for specific applications, this survey provides a comprehensive overview of the IoCT components and key technologies. A comparison study of representative IoCT systems is presented according to their applicability. A general platform architecture of IoCT is proposed to link cultural objects with the internet and human. Finally, open issues for research challenges and future opportunities of IoCT are also studied in this paper.     

电力生产管理系统中的图形界面设计

根据参加芜湖供电局“供电企业多媒体生产管理信息系统”项目的实践,就该项目开发中有关图形界面的技 术问题加以论述。内容涉及图形界面的多媒体特点、分布式存储方式和超文本数据组织结构、面向对象的图 形库的建立以及图形界面下的输入与输出等,为建立一个用户界面友好的电力生产管理信息系统提供了一个 思路。     

Surface microroughness of optical glasses under deterministic microgrinding

Deterministic microgrinding of precision optical components with rigid, computer-controlled machining centers and high-speed tool spindles is now possible on a commercial scale. Platforms such as the Opticam systems at the Center for Optics Manufacturing produce convex and concave spherical surfaces with radii from 5 mm to ∞, i.e., planar, and work diameters from 10 to 150 mm. Aspherical surfaces are also being manufactured. The resulting specular surfaces have a typical rms microroughness of 20 nm, 1 μm of subsurface damage, and a figure error of less than 1 wave peak to valley. Surface roughness under deterministic microgrinding conditions (fixed infeed rate) with bound abrasive diamond ring tools with various degrees of bond hardness is correlated to a material length scale, identified as a ductility index, involving the hardness and fracture toughness of glasses. This result is in contrast to loose abrasive grinding (fixed nominal pressure), in which surface microroughness is determined by the elastic stiffness and the hardness of the glass. We summarize measurements of fracture toughness and microhardness by microindentation for crown and flint optical glasses, and fused silica. The microindentation fracture toughness in nondensifying optical glasses is in good agreement with bulk fracture toughness measurement methods.     

Analysis of chaos and FRET reaction in split-and-recombine microreactors

The mixing and reaction performance of a split-and-recombine (SAR) microreactor was enhanced on modification of the geometric configuration. A rotation of fluid is induced on shrinking the structure of the splitting and reorientation region in alternate directions, thus improving the pattern of multi-lamination and enhancing the chaos of the fluid. To design and to analyze systematically the performance of the reactors, an effective method involving chaotic analysis and fluorescent resonant-energy transfer (FRET) is proposed. The structural design of a passive microreactor to generate an effective contact between the reagents is of great practical significance. SAR microreactors of four types with various microstructures were designed to illustrate the effects of geometric patterns (i.e., arrangement and dimensions) on mixing and reaction. Through analysis of the chaos, we revealed numerically the dynamic mixing governed by multi-lamination and chaotic mechanisms in the devices. The results show that specific structural designs induce rotation and rearrangement of fluids, thus elongating their material interface; the mixing of the fluids consequently improved. We investigated the hybridization of two complementarily labeled oligonucleotides in the devices by means of FRET. How the devices affected the rate of hybridization was thereby assessed, verifying that FRET is a technique capable of estimating the practical applicability of these devices.     

Ensemble of surrogates with recursive arithmetic average

Surrogate models are often used to replace expensive simulations of engineering problems. The common approach is to construct a series of metamodels based on a training set, and then, from these surrogates, pick out the best one with the highest accuracy as an approximation of the computationally intensive simulation. However, because the choice of approximate model depends on design of experiments (DOEs), the traditional strategy thus increases the risk of adopting an inappropriate model. Furthermore, in the design of complex product system, because of its feature of one-of-a-kind production, acquiring more samples is very expensive and intensively time-consuming, and sometimes even impossible. Therefore, in order to save sampling cost, it is a reasonable strategy to take full advantage of all the stand-alone surrogates and then combine them into an ensemble model. Ensemble technique is an effective way to make up for the shortfalls of traditional strategy. Motivated by the previous research on ensemble of surrogates, a new technique for constructing of a more accurate ensemble of surrogates is proposed in this paper. The weights are obtained using a recursive process, in which the values of these weights are updated in each iteration until the last ensemble achieves a desirable prediction accuracy. This technique has been evaluated using five benchmark problems and one reality problem. The results show that the proposed ensemble of surrogates with recursive arithmetic average provides more ideal prediction accuracy than the stand-alone surrogates and for most problems even exceeds the previously presented ensemble techniques. Finally, we should point out that the advantages of combination over selection are still difficult to illuminate. We are still using an “insurance policy” mode rather than offering significant improvements.     

基于小波变换的非对称数字水印算法研究

针对多媒体信息中的视频流采用数字水印技术实现版权保护和防攻击时存在的一些问题,提出了采用基于小波变换的非对称数字水印算法,不仅能有效地保护多媒体信息中作者的版权,还能抵抗一些常见攻击以达到防止被篡改的目的,具有很强的鲁棒性和实用性.     

太阳辐射监测仪实验自动监控软件设计

太阳辐射监测仪(SIM)是某卫星上的监测太阳总辐照度变化的高精度仪器,其测量精度是交付前重点考核的技术指标;测量精度标定实验中的测量数据需要手动控制1553B总线进行下传,手动分解提取1553B包内的数据,判断仪器的工作状态,人工处理的工作量大且易引入人为误差;另外,仪器对测量环境要求高,人为参与会影响环境的稳定,因此需要实现整个实验过程的自动监控和数据自动处理。通过分析1553B仿真卡的特点,利用VC++编写了线程监控程序,操作界面一键控制,实现了实验数据的1553B自动下传,自动接收和保存;实验表明,监控软件操作简单、运行可靠,太阳辐射监测仪重复性测量精度满足小于5‰的设计要求。