两种水轮发电机组开机控制技术的比较及优化

本文建立了水轮发电机组仿真模型,并以某电站的水流特性、机组惯性等实际参数作为仿真模型参数,着重研究水轮发电机组的两种开机控制规律,分析了原有以空载开度为限制的机组开机控制技术,提出以恒转速变化率为控制目标的机组开机控制技术,并将两种开机控制技术进行了仿真比较。通过仿真波形分析比较表明,两种开机控制技术各自具有的优越动态性能。在工程实践中,将这两种开机控制技术都应用到水轮机调速器开机程序中,可以根据水电站现场对开机动态性能的不同要求在停机态切换两种开机控制流程。     

Study of partial discharge characteristics at repetitive square voltages based on UHF method

Due to overvoltage produced by inverter output,inverter-fed motor insulation systems often experience fast electrical aging process,especially when partial discharge(PD) is incepted.Before putting into use,the PD detection should be performed on inverter-fed motors at repetitive square voltages to avoid the PD caused insulation deterioration when the motors are collected to inverters having specific characteristics.However,unlike PD tests at AC/DC voltages proposed in IEC 60270,the PD detection at repetitive square voltages is much more complex because of serious interference generated by impulse generator.To solve the problem,ultra-high frequency(UHF) method seems recommendable for its preferable signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).The chief aim of this study is to investigate PD pulse and statistical characteristics of turn-to-turn insulation for inverter-fed traction motors.A square-shaped Archimedes antenna,specially designed for the PD detection at repetitive square voltages of fast rise times,was used to perform PD tests on turn-to-turn insulation models.Time and frequency analysis results indicate that energy component of generator disturbance and PD pulses are mainly distributed in the 0-0.5 GHz and 0.6-1.5 GHz range,respectively.Based on the results,suitable filter was designed for power disturbance suppression.Additionally,resorting to the sensor unit(i.e.antenna and filter) and the PD test system,the PD statistical features at square voltages of different frequencies were obtained.Experimental results show that higher frequency will give rise,statistically,to PD of lower magnitudes distributing at smaller phases.A reasonable interpretation of this phenomenon was presented.Lastly,according to the PD statistical features,some suggestions for the PD detection system design,generator parameter optimization and the PD pulse extracting were given.The results of this work would be beneficial to the increase of the sensitivity when performing the PD detection on insulation systems for inverter-fed motors at repetitive square voltages and thus,improving the reliability of inverter-fed motors.     

无线传感器网络中基于树的动态多路径容错路由协议

多路径路由对无线传感器网络的负载均衡和容错能力等方面都有一定改善作用。在研究一些多路径路由算法的基础上,对分层的无线传感器网络路由进行探索,提出了一种基于树的动态多路径路由的生成方法,快速获得当前节点的主路径与备用路径。仿真结果表明,该方法可有效地均衡网络负载、减少时延、提高网络的可靠性。     

宽频介电谱仪热激励去极化电流功能研究

利用宽频介电谱仪拓展热激励去极化电流模块测量介质材料的TSDC操作简单实用,它不仅容易把材料中的各种不同活化能或弛豫时间的荷电粒子区分开,并且能从TSDC谱中直接得出被测材料的介电性能以及相关微观参数,这为研究材料内部机理提供了一条捷径。     

The photodegradation of metronidazole in the presence of coexisting pharmaceuticals

The objective of this study was to investigate if coexisting compounds could affect the fate of pharmaceuticals in surface water under solar irradiation. The degradation of metronidazole (MET) in the presence of different coexisting pharmaceuticals was investigated in batch experiments with exposure to sunlight. Tinidazole, which has a similar structure to MET, was employed as an analogue. The results indicated that the presence of an analogue with a similar photosensitive group to MET could inhibit the photodegradation of MET. In addition, the effect of coexisting pharmaceuticals with different absorption spectra on the degradation of MET was investigated. The results showed that the effect depended on the degree of overlapping absorption spectra between MET and the coexisting pharmaceuticals. The relationship between the degree of the influence and the ultraviolet absorption spectra of coexisting pharmaceuticals found in this study could give guidance in assessing the fate of pharmaceuticals in environmental water.     

Analysis and Treatment for Vane Swinging Defect of Kaplan Turbine in Nierji Hydropower Plant

轴流转桨式水轮机桨叶在一定工况下的位置稳定与否,对机组运行稳定有重大影响.结合尼尔基发电厂2号水轮机桨叶频繁抽动缺陷的分析和分解检修处理过程,指出了轴流转桨式水轮机桨叶频繁抽动现象的一些原因,并提出了相应的处理方法,为改进设计提供依据.     

装甲车车身自动调平系统原理及算法设计

为了提高6点装甲车辆调平的快速性和稳定性,根据装甲车结构,考虑响应时间、速度和可靠性等综合因素,将车身系统由6点调平系统等效为4点调平系统。利用相应的角度和压力传感器检测车架的水平状态,以确定油气簧的动作量。采用双速调整的方法计算比例阀门的开启大小及时间,运用西门子控制器实现对调平系统的控制。试验结果表明,该系统具有较高的快速性和稳定性。     

某铁路π形梁桥的荷载试验研究

以某铁路桥为工程背景,通过结构计算、现场检测、荷载试验等工作,对铁路桥梁的荷载试验过程进行详细阐述,评估受检π形梁的工作性能和承载能力。结果表明,受检π形梁的承载能力能够满足设计荷载等级的要求。工程为π形梁的后期养护及维修提供了基础依据,对同类型铁路桥梁的检测及其承载能力评价有一定的参考价值。     

Design of a modified repetitive-control system based on a continuous–discrete 2D model

This paper concerns the problem of designing a modified repetitive-control system for a class of strictly proper plants. Repetitive control involves two types of actions: control and learning; but the insertion of a low-pass filter in a modified repetitive controller, which is employed to guarantee the stability of the system, mixes the two actions together. In this paper, a continuous–discrete two-dimensional model is first constructed. Next, the continuity of repetitive control and Lyapunov stability theory are applied to the model to establish two linear-matrix-inequality (LMI) based sufficient stability conditions, one for the design of the cutoff angular frequency and one for the design of the feedback gains. The features of these conditions are exploited to develop an iterative algorithm that searches for the best combination of the maximum cutoff angular frequency of the low-pass filter and the feedback gains. A numerical example illustrates the design procedure and demonstrates the validity of the method.     

Experimental Research on the Dynamic Energy Absorbing Capacity of the Honeycomb Paperboard Filled with Polyurethane

A kind of composite buffering material was made by filling the voids of honeycomb paperboard with polyurethane. Drop tests were performed to evaluate the dynamic energy absorption capacity of the material. Based on the tests results, the mechanical behaviors of the material under low velocity dynamic impact conditions were analyzed. It was shown that the absorbed energy of the composite material varies inversely with the void diameter. The absorbed energy of the composite material is 1 - 2 times than that of honeycomb paperboard and polyurethane. The energy absorption efficiency of the composite material is better than those of honeycomb paperboard and polyurethane.