The Action-Project Method in Counseling Psychology.

The qualitative action-project method is described as an appropriate and heuristic qualitative research method for use in counseling psychology. Action theory, which addresses human intentional, goal-directed action, project, and career, provides the conceptual framework for the method. Data gathering and analysis involve multiple procedures to access information from 3 perspectives: manifest behavior, internal processes, and social meaning. The method has a number of advantages, including its conceptualization, which is close to human experience; its systematic data gathering and analysis procedures; its usefulness in describing processes of interest to counseling psychologists; and its uniqueness among qualitative research methods. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Radikalreaktionen an N-Heterocyclen. VIII. ESR-Untersuchungen zur N-N-Bindungsspaltung cyclischer 2,2-Diacylhydrazinoxyle

Free Radical Reactions of N-Heterocyclic Compounds. VIII. ESR-Investigations on the N,N-Bond Cleavage Reaction of Cylic 2,2-Diacyclhydrazinoxyls 2,2-Diacylhydrazinoxyls ( 2 ) undergo decomposisition to new nitroxides 3 in the presence of bis (acetylacetonato) cobalt (II), tert.-butyl hydroperoxide and an alcohol (i.e. methanol, ethanol, i.-propanol). These new radials 3 are spin trap products of nitrosoarenes, formed by a fragmentation process of 2 and of ligand radicals, generated from bis (acetylacetonato) cobalt (II) by oxidation with tert.-butyl hydroperoxide. The e. s. r. data of the radicals 2 , 3 and of the 3 -isomeric radicals 5 and 6 are compared.     

Incineration and gasification technologies completed with up-to-date off-gas cleaning system for meeting environmental limits

It is shown how gasification can be used for processing wastes including “waste to energy” system. First, an analysis of incineration of wastes taking into account environmental limits is performed. This analysis is aimed at a typical arrangement of a conventional oxidizing incineration plant consisting of waste storage and feeding systems, two-stage incinerator (primary and secondary combustion chambers), heat recovery system involving co-generation and off-gas cleaning system. It is also focused on a new arrangement where the primary combustion chamber (rotary kiln) is substituted by gasification reactor. The proposed concept with a fluidised bed reactor utilizes results of experimental research with various mixtures of wastes (e.g. shredded textile and rubber) considering typical conditions of operation. Experiments provide us with various important characteristics (heat value of produced syngas vs. temperature in the gasification reactor, temperature in the secondary combustion chamber vs. oxygen concentration in outlet flue gas and heat value of syngas, etc.). Then it is possible to make a comparison of conventional incineration and gasification for a concrete industrial process involving a unit for thermal treatment of hazardous industrial waste mixed with municipal solid wastes with capacity of 10,000 t/year. The application of gasification technology brings about the whole range of benefits like minimizing the consumption of auxiliary fuel and decreasing size of the secondary combustion chamber and other subsystems of the incineration plants. Involving such a system with energy and investment cost reduction into an industrial process contributes to meeting cleaner production and environmental legislation regulations.     

THERMAL STRESSES IN TRIAXIAL ANISOTROPIC PARTICLE–MATRIX SYSTEM

This paper deals with thermal stresses in an anisotropic particle–matrix system. The particle–matrix system is represented by one spherical triaxial anisotropic particle embedded in the infinite triaxial anisotropic matrix. The thermal stresses originate during a cooling process as a consequence of the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the matrix and the particle.     

Morphology of microporous neosepta ion-exchange membranes and its effect on separation of biological mixtures

Specially prepared microporous Neosepta ion-exchange membranes were investigated to establish a correlation between their structural characteristics (pore-size distribution, porosity) and permeability to components of immunoglobulin (Ig) fractions of mouse ascitic fluids. The solutions to be separated contained IgG₁ with specificity to horseradish peroxidase or to the heavy chain of human IgM, some other proteins, and a large amount of ammonium sulfate (0.22–0.35M). Analysis of the membrane morphology carried out by scanning electron microscopy and mercury porosimetry showed that the membranes possess a polymodal pore-size distribution. There are large open pores (400–600 and 200–300 nm in diameter) on the membrane surfaces, but the void volume of the membranes is a system of connected pores of smaller diameters (from 60–100 to 7–10 nm). The main part of the pores in the membranes displaying the best separation ability was 8–17 nm in diameter. It was found that highly porous charged membranes (relative porosity 58–60%) with low ion-exchange capacity (0.02–0.1 meq/g) made it possible to achieve the desired desalination degree of protein mixture (80–83%) within 5–7 h instead of 5 days needed in the traditional dialysis. Moreover, the amount of separated accompanying proteins reached 25–30% depending on membrane porosity and the quality of specific IgG₁ was considerably improved. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.