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41.
An Operator-integration-factor splitting method for time-dependent problems: Application to incompressible fluid flow 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
In this paper we present a simple, general methodology for the generation of high-order operator decomposition (splitting) techniques for the solution of time-dependent problems arising in ordinary and partial differential equations. The new approach exploits operator integration factors to reduce multiple-operator equations to an associated series of single-operator initial-value subproblems. Two illustrations of the procedure are presented: the first, a second-order method in time applied to velocity-pressure decoupling in the incompressible Stokes problem; the second, a third-order method in time applied to convection-Stokes decoupling in the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Critical open questions are briefly described. 相似文献
42.
The development of PSE (pale, soft and exudative) meat is characterized by a rapid decrease in pH post-mortem and/or a low ultimate pH. We investigated some physiological properties of the live muscle (the glycogen content, the non-bicarbonate buffering capacity and 'resting pH'), which could influence both the decrease in pH and the ultimate pH. Measurements were performed on three halothane genotypes, hal(N)hal(N), hal(N)hal(n) and hal(n)hal(n), with their known predispositions for PSE meat. It was demonstrated that the glycogen content in both the groups of double recessive and heterozygous individuals was higher than the levels in the group of homozygous dominant pigs. No difference was found in non-bicarbonate buffering capacity between the groups. The groups with the highest glycogen levels also had the lowest 'resting pH' values. The results indicate that measurement of glycogen content in vivo may be superior to the halothane test in detecting PSE-prone individuals. The lower pH values of carriers of the hal(n) gene further indicate that the characteristic rapid decrease after slaughter may not be as fast as generally accepted, as even very low pH values can be observed in the muscles of live pigs. 相似文献
43.
The structure of a typical dental Ni-Cr-Be alloy with 1.8 wt% Be has been investigated by SEM and TEM as well as by quantitative X-ray microanalyses in both instruments. Due to its low atomic weight the atomic fraction of Be is as high as 0.10. During solidification beryllium segregates substantially, and a large volume fraction of the casting is made up of a eutectic with coarse ( 1 µm diameter) alternating rods of fcc Ni-Cr and NiBe with a CsCl-type structure (ordered bcc). Smaller ( 0.1 µm diameter) rods of NiBe are precipitated in matrix in the solid state. Microanalyses of the NiBe rods show that they have a low chromium content ( 1.5 wt%). The cube boundary planes of the ordered b cc and fcc structures have a slight difference in orientation of about 7° which is most probably due to a small coherency misfit of the two types of lattices. The 100 directions in cube boundary plane of the fcc structure are nearly parallel to the 110 directions of the ordered bcc cube boundary plane. Sometimes another and more complex relationship between the two lattices occurs. The alloy contains 3.9 wt% Al which gives rise to numerous small ( 10 nm), spherical, ordered particles of Ni3Al both in matrix as well as in the fcc eutectic rods. 相似文献
44.
Thronsen Elisabeth Mørkeseth Hanne Marioara Calin D. Minakuchi Kazuhiro Katsumi Tetsuya Marthinsen Knut Matsuda Kenji Holmestad Randi 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2022,53(9):3296-3310
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - The effect of 0.03 and 0.08 at. pct Fe additions on the formation of secondary phases in an Al–1.1Mg–0.5Cu–0.3Si at. pct alloy was... 相似文献
45.
The kinetics of aluminium deposition from NaCl-AlCl3 melts (cAlCl3 < 10 mol%) contained in alumina crucibles was studied by linear sweep voltammetry and potential step amperometry at temperatures around 820°C. At low concentrations (cAlCl3 < 0.4 mol%) the reduction of AlCl3 on liquid aluminium has been found to be diffusion controlled. At higher concentrations a passivation of the aluminium electrode was observed during the deposition reaction. The passivation appears to be caused by precipitation of alumina from supersaturated melt in the diffusion layer at the aluminium cathode. 相似文献
46.
The poisoning effect of various halogen compounds on a nickel-based hydrogenation catalyst has been investigated. While alkyl
monochlorides did not affect the catalyst activity, alkyl monobromide and-iodide had a strong poisonous effect. Vicinal dichlorides,
1,1-dichlorides, and HC1 also poisoned the catalyst. It is shown that with chlorine containing compounds, the poisoning mechanism
involves a fission of the carbon-chlorine bond with the formation of HC1, while bromine and iodine compounds adsorb to the
catalyst surface as such in a simple equilibrium reaction. A mackerel oil previously shown to exhibit three kinetically distinguishable
poisoning effects has been further examined, and it is shown that its content of halogens can probably account for the observed
poisoning pattern. 相似文献
47.
Dorota Johansson Björn Bergenståhl 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1992,69(8):728-733
The influence of water on the interactions between fat and sugar crystals dispersed in triglyceride (vegetable) oils was qualitatively
estimated from sedimentation and rheological experiments. The experiments were performed both with and without food emulsifiers
(monoglycerides and lecithins) present in the oil. The effects of minor natural oil components (nontriglycerides) on the interactions
and on emulsifier adsorption to the crystals were examined by comparing a commercial refined oil and a chromatographically
purified oil. The results show that water generally increases the adhesion between fat and sugar crystals in oils and also
increases the surface activity of the oil-soluble food emulsifiers. Minor oil components give a small increase in the adhesion
between fat and sugar crystals in oils, but do not influence the adsorption of food emulsifiers in any systematic way. 相似文献
48.
Previous studies indicate a suppressive influence of fish oils on rodent malaria. The present work was carried out to study
(i) the dose-effect relation between dietary fish oils and lethality of primary malaria infection in mice; (iii) the modifying
influence of vitamin E; and (iii) the effect of previous fish oil feeding on parasitemia and lethality of a rechallenge infection.
For two or four weeks, groups of weanling male mice were fed a standard laboratory diet or one of eight purified diets containing
various amounts of fish oil (providing 6–21% of energy). The diets were prepared with and without vitamin E. After the two-or
four-week feeding period, the mice were injected intraperitoneally withPlasmodium yoelii yoelii-infected erythrocytes. Six months after the primary infection (four months after discontinuing fish oil feeding), the surviving
mice were again injected intraperitoneally with parasitized red blood cells (or even better—erythrocytes, erythrocytes are
used elsewhere). Primary malaria infection was lethal in mice fed standard diet alone or with fish oil and vitamin E added.
In contrast, feeding a fish oil-based diet without vitamin E improved survival to at least 70% if the mice had been fed these
diets for four weeks. Protection against malaria did not seem to be related to the fish oil dose used. Regardless of the previous
fish oil dose, all the mice surviving the primary infection survived the rechallenge infection with low parasitaemias. The
results suggest that the prooxidant nature of highly unsaturated fatty acids in fish oils may beneficially influence malaria
infection, and may also increase the resistance against reinfection for some time after discontinuing fish oil intake. 相似文献
49.
The absorption of tocopherols (α, γ, and σ) and fatty acids from rapeseed (RO), soybean (SOO), and sunflower (SUO) oil, both
from the natural oils and from the oils following moderate heating (180°C for 15 min), was measured in lymphcannulated rats.
Oils were administered as emulsions through a gastrostomy tube, and lymph samples were collected for 24 h. The composition
of tocopherols in oils and lymph fractions was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and fatty acids were measured
by gas-liquid chromatography. The highest accumulated transport of α-tocopherol was observed after SUO administration, the
lowest after SOO, with RO in between, corresponding to their relative contents (41.6±8.8, 32.7±5.0, and 24.9±4.3 μg at 24
h after administration of SUO, RO, and SOO, respectively). The calculated recoveries (in %) 24 h after oil administration
were 21.4±4.5, 45.7±7.0, and 78.8±13.5 for SUO, RO, and SOO, respectively, suggesting that the absorption efficiency decreased
when the α-tocopherol concentration increased. The recovery of α-tocopherol was higher than the recoveries of γ-and σ-tocopherol,
indicating that the different tocopherols were not absorbed to the same extent or with similar rates. No differences between
unheated and heated oils were observed in the absorption of tocopherols, whereas heating led to lower absorption of fatty
acids, thus showing no direct association between absorption of tocopherols and fatty acids. 相似文献
50.
Dehydrogenation of Light Alkanes Over Rhenium Catalysts on Conventional and Mesoporous MFI Supports 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anne Krogh Rovik Anke Hagen Iver Schmidt Søren Dahl Ib Chorkendorff Claus Hviid Christensen 《Catalysis Letters》2006,109(3-4):153-156
Recently, Re/HZSM-5 (Si/Al = 15) was shown to be an efficient catalyst for ethane dehydrogenation and aromatization at 823 K
and atmospheric pressure. In this reaction, the major initial products were benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX), but increasing
amounts of ethene were produced with time on stream due to deactivation of the catalyst. We show that by use of rhenium impregnated
MFI supports with very few or no acidic sites (Si/Al > 500), highly selective ethane dehydrogenation catalysts are obtained
with ethene selectivities of 98%. By use of mesoporous MFI supports (Si/Al >500) the lifetime of the catalyst appears to be
slightly improved compared to conventional MFI crystals. The beneficial effect of a mesoporous MFI support is convincingly
demonstrated in propane dehydrogenation, where both conversion and selectivities on the mesoporous MFI (Si/Al > 500) impregnated
with Re are significantly higher than on Re supported on a comparable conventional MFI support. 相似文献