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171.
In the patients with invasion to the aortic window, we performed operation via median sternotomy combined with anteroaxillar thoracotomy. In such patients with T4 invasion, conventional pneumonectomy could not be performed because of the extensive invasion near the main pulmonary artery trunk. In these patients in this study, complete resection of the involved pulmonary artery could be performed using a vascular clamp without CP bypass. Operative technique was as follows: first, the pericardium was opened and taping of the aorta was applied. When the uninvolved part of the intrapericardial pulmonary artery was long enough to cut, we could use a stapling device, but the stapling device could not be used in many cases because the length of the uninvolved segment was too short to cut the left pulmonary artery. In order to carry out complete resection, it was necessary to clamp the central part of the main pulmonary artery diagonally from the left lower side to the right upper side. The pulmonary arterial stump was closed with continuous 4-0 monofilament mattress and over and over suture. We recommend an aggressive surgical approach for the tumor with invasion to the aortic window, because the prognosis is dismal in nonresected locally advanced lung cancer. 相似文献
172.
TJ Whelan EA Mohide AR Willan A Arnold M Tew S Sellick A Gafni MN Levine 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,80(8):1518-1524
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to examine the physical and emotional health status, self-perceived problems, and needs of newly diagnosed cancer patients to determine and plan supportive care strategies. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of newly diagnosed cancer patients attending a regional cancer center during a 6-month period was performed. Patients with breast, colorectal, head and neck, lung, and prostate carcinoma as well as nonmelanoma of the skin were selected randomly. Patients were interviewed prior to their first appointment at the clinic. Physical health status was assessed using the Symptom Distress Scale, psychologic health status was assessed with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), day-to-day functioning with the Rapid Disability Scale, and social support with the modified Sarason's Social Support Scale. Perceived needs were assessed in a number of ways, including identification of patients' specific social concerns and informational needs, and by asking them to list their current problems or concerns. RESULTS: Of 156 eligible patients, 134 completed the interview. One hundred and twenty-nine patients (96%) reported current symptoms that included fatigue (66%), worried outlook (61%), difficulty sleeping (48%), and pain (42%). Forty-four patients (33%) were identified as psychologically distressed with a GHQ score of > or = 6. One hundred and fourteen patients (85%) had informational needs, 89 (66%) indicated > or = 1 social concerns, and 55 (41%) reported a need for assistance with day-to-day living. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with newly diagnosed cancer commonly report symptoms related to fatigue, pain, and psychologic distress. Other frequently reported issues relate to the need for information and social concerns regarding the patients' ability to take care of their home and maintain family and other relationships. Awareness of these issues is important for planning supportive care interventions for newly diagnosed cancer patients. 相似文献
173.
Quantitative estimates of dust exposure in a diatomaceous earth (DE) mining and milling operation have been derived based on air sampling records for the period 1948-1988. A total of 6395 records was included in the analysis. Conversion of results obtained by particle counting, expressed as millions of particles per cubic feet (mppcf) of gravimetrically from a filter cassette and expressed as mg m-3 total, were converted to mg m-3 respirable dust using a conversion factor derived from data obtained during the same periods at the plant. Conversion factors were calculated as the average difference of means on the log scale in order to provide stable and consistent conversions and as a ratio of arithmetic means so that the results could be compared with similar studies. After converting the available data to mg m-3 respirable dust, geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) concentrations were 0.37 (2.43) during the 1950s and 0.17 (2.35) during later periods. Exposures were estimated using two linear models, one estimating the changes in concentration over time, and the other providing job-specific mean exposures during the more recent period. Extrapolation of the estimates to periods prior to the availability of any data was done using a subjectively-determined scaling factor. The average estimated respirable dust concentrations for 135 jobs were 3.55 (+/-1.25), 1.37 (+/-0.48), 0.47 (+/-0.16) and 0.29 (+/-0.10) mg m-3 prior to 1949, 1949-1953, 1954-1973 and 1974-1988, respectively. Despite the limitations of the available data, the estimation procedures used are expected to provide reasonable quantitative estimates of silica-containing dust exposure for subsequent exposure-response analyses. 相似文献
174.
Feil IK; Platas AA; van den Akker F; Reddy R; Merritt EA; Storm DR; Hol WG 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》1998,11(11):1103-1109
Members of the cholera toxin family, including Escherichia coli heat-
labile enterotoxins LT-I and LT-II, catalyze the covalent modification of
intracellular proteins by transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD to a specific
arginine of the target protein. The ADP-ribosylating activity of these
toxins is located in the A-subunit, for which LT-I and LT-II share a 63%
sequence identity. The flexible loop in LT-I, ranging from residue 47 to
56, closes over the active site cleft. Previous studies have shown that
point mutations in this loop have dramatic effects on the activity of LT-I.
Yet, in LT-II the sequence of the equivalent loop differs at four positions
from LT-I. Therefore five mutants of the active site loop were created by a
stepwise replacement of the loop sequence in LT-I with virtually all the
corresponding residues in LT- II. Since we discovered that LT-II had no
activity versus the artificial substrate
diethylamino-benzylidine-aminoguanidine (DEABAG) while LT-I does, our
active site mutants most likely probe the NAD binding, not the arginine
binding region of the active site. The five hybrid toxins obtained (Q49A,
F52N, V53T, Q49V/F52N and Q49V/F52N/V53T) show (i) great differences in
holotoxin assembly efficiency; (ii) decreased cytotoxicity in Chinese
hamster ovary cells; and (iii) increased in vitro enzymatic activity
compared with wild type LT-I. Specifically, the three mutants containing
the F52N substitution display a greater Vmax for NAD than wild type LT-I.
The enzymatic activity of the V53T mutant is significantly higher than that
of wild type LT-I. Apparently this subtle variation at position 53 is
beneficial, in contrast to several other substitutions at position 53 which
previously had been shown to be deleterious for activity. The most striking
result of this study is that the active site loop of LT- I, despite great
sensitivity for point mutations, can essentially be replaced by the active
site loop of LT-II, yielding an active 'hybrid enzyme' as well as 'hybrid
toxin'.
相似文献
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