为了满足使用者需求而设计——上海地铁研究·使用者需求

在上海地铁研究中,我们发现了许多使用者的不满。这些不满来自于设计师对使用者的缺乏了解和缺乏关注。通过对上海地铁真实的使用者、真实的地点和真实的时间的调研,我们分析出25项上海地铁使用者的需求。并提出希望设计师能够从这些使用者的需求出发,去作为使用者带来良好体验的设计。     

吸入短寿命氡子体动物肺组织剂量与体重关系的探讨

本文介绍吸入短寿命氡子体的不同种动物肺组织吸收剂量与体重的关系。实验结果表明,吸收剂量随体重的增加而减小。     

巯基棉预浓集—中子活化法测定水泥及其浸出水中的微量汞

在不同酸度下巯基棉可以从溶液中富集和分离Au、As、Ag、Br、Cu、Ca Co、InHg、Ni、Se、Sb、Sn、Pb、W、Fe和In等30多种元素。由于用巯基棉吸附待测元素后不必洗脱,因此大大提高了富集能力,可用于海水、地下水、地表水及工业废水中一些元素的测量。本文用巯基棉富集后进行中子活化分析测定水泥及其浸出水中的汞。     

Motion patterns of Nabesna Glacier (Alaska) revealed by interferometric SAR techniques

Nabesna Glacier is one of the longest land-terminus mountain glaciers in North America. However, its flow has never been studied. We derived detailed motion patterns of Nabesna Glacier in winter and spring 1994–1996 from the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired by the European Remote Sensing satellites (ERS-1 and ERS-2) using interferometric SAR (InSAR) techniques. Special effort was made to assess the accuracy of the motion estimates, and remove data points with high uncertainty from the motion profiles, enabling us to obtain reliable glacier flow patterns along the highly curved main course of Nabesna Glacier. The results, covering 80 km of the 87 km main course of the glacier, were used to delineate four distinctive sections in terms of spatial and temporal variability of the glacier speed: (1) the upper section where glacier flow was apparently random both temporally and spatially presumably due to development of crevasses; (2) the upper-middle section with relatively steady flow around 0.27 to 0.4 m/day; (3) the middle section with a stable pattern of acceleration from 0.27–0.3 m/day to the maximum about 0.67–0.73 m/day, followed by a general deceleration to 0.17–0.33 m/day before reaching (4) the lower section where the glacier motion was generally slow yet highly variable although uncertainty in the estimation is high. Occurrence of the flow maximum, as well as many local maxima and minima at consistent locations over different periods suggests that the valley geometry affect the overall flow pattern. On top of this general trend, many small-scale temporal/spatial variations in the glacier flow patterns were observed along the glacier, especially in the lower sections. On average, the flow speeds were in the range of 0.3 to 0.7 m/day; however this lacks any measurements of summer flow speeds which are expected to be significantly higher.     

ABB变频器在双馈发电机试验台上的应用

本文介绍了风力发电系统目前存在的技术方案，重点介绍了ABB用于双馈式风力发电系统的变频产品ACS800—67的特性，并对由其构建的发电机测试平台的案例进行了实验分析。     

La doping effects on intergrowth Bi2WO6–Bi3TiNbO9 ferroelectrics

La doping effects on intergrowth Bi₂WO₆–Bi₃TiNbO₉ ferroelectric ceramics were studied by X-ray diffraction, electron probe microanalysis and dielectric spectroscopy. It was found that the La³⁺ distribution, ferroelectric phase transition and dielectric relaxation behavior are apparently affected by La doping. With increasing La³⁺ content, the site of dopant ion varies, the grain growth of Bi₅TiNbWO₁₅ is restrained, the Curie temperature is reduced and broadened. Furthermore, two dielectric relaxation loss peaks were observed both in temperature and frequency spectra. The calculated relaxation parameters revealed the oxygen vacancy related to the relaxation process.     

Mass transfer kinetics of neodymium(III) extraction by calix[4]arene carboxylic acid using a constant interfacial area cell with laminar flow

BACKGROUND: Thermodynamics and kinetics data are both important to explain the extraction property. In order to develop a novel separation technology superior to current extraction systems, many promising extractants have been developed including calixarene carboxylic acids. The extraction thermodynamics behavior of calix[4]arene carboxylic acids has been reported extensively. In this study, the mass transfer kinetics of neodymium(III) and the interfacial behavior of calix[4]arene carboxylic acid were investigated. RESULTS: The rate constant (K_ao) becomes constant when the stirring speed was controlled between 250 rpm and 400 rpm. The activation energy (E_a) was calculated to be 21·41 kJ mol^?1 or 88·17 kJ mol^?1 (dependent on temperature) from the slope of log K_ao against 1000/T. The linear relationship between the specific area and the extraction rate is the characteristic of an interfacial reaction control. The minimum bulk concentration of the extractant necessary to saturate the interface (C_min) is lower than 4·19 × 10^?4 mol L^?1. CONCLUSION: The effect of stirring speed, temperature, and species concentration on the extraction rate demonstrates that the extraction regime depends on the extraction conditions. The chemical reaction control governs the extraction regime at temperatures below 303 K and a mixed control regime occurs when the temperature is between 303 K and 318 K. The probable locale for the chemical reaction is at the liquid–liquid interface and the rate equation is deduced to be: ? d[Nd³⁺]_(a)/dt = k_f[Nd³⁺]_(a)[H₄A]_(o)^0·727[H⁺]_(a)^?0·978. The rate‐controlling step was suggested by the analysis of the experimental results. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

宣钢1260 m3高炉扩容大修改造设计

宣钢l260m^3高炉大修改造时将炉容扩大到l350m^3，对高炉本体系统设备及冷却系统、自动控制及检测系统进行了全面的改造更新，在炉腹、炉腰及炉身下部高热负荷区域采用铜冷却壁，取消炉身中上部铸铁冷却壁凸台，并采用薄内衬等先进、适用、可靠、成熟的技术。     

N-Type Field-Effect Transistors Using Multiple Mg-Doped ZnO Nanorods

Nanorod field-effect transistors (FETs) that use multiple Mg-doped ZnO nanorods and a SiO₂ gate insulator were fabricated and characterized. The use of multiple nanorods provides higher on-currents without significant degradation in threshold voltage shift and subthreshold slopes. It has been observed that the on-currents of the multiple ZnO nanorod FETs increase approximately linearly with the number of nanorods, with on-currents of ~1 muA per nanorod and little change in off-current (~4times10^-12). The subthreshold slopes and on-off ratios typically improve as the number of nanorods within the device channel is increased, reflecting good uniformity of properties from nanorod to nanorod. It is expected that Mg dopants contribute to high n-type semiconductor characteristics during ZnO nanorod growth. For comparison, nonintentionally doped ZnO nanorod FETs are fabricated, and show low conductivity to compare with Mg-doped ZnO nanorods. In addition, temperature-dependent current-voltage characteristics of single ZnO nanorod FETs indicate that the activation energy of the drain current is very low (0.05-0.16 eV) at gate voltages both above and below threshold