Maxi-min margin machine: learning large margin classifiers locally and globally.

In this paper, we propose a novel large margin classifier, called the maxi-min margin machine M(4). This model learns the decision boundary both locally and globally. In comparison, other large margin classifiers construct separating hyperplanes only either locally or globally. For example, a state-of-the-art large margin classifier, the support vector machine (SVM), considers data only locally, while another significant model, the minimax probability machine (MPM), focuses on building the decision hyperplane exclusively based on the global information. As a major contribution, we show that SVM yields the same solution as M(4) when data satisfy certain conditions, and MPM can be regarded as a relaxation model of M(4). Moreover, based on our proposed local and global view of data, another popular model, the linear discriminant analysis, can easily be interpreted and extended as well. We describe the M(4) model definition, provide a geometrical interpretation, present theoretical justifications, and propose a practical sequential conic programming method to solve the optimization problem. We also show how to exploit Mercer kernels to extend M(4) for nonlinear classifications. Furthermore, we perform a series of evaluations on both synthetic data sets and real-world benchmark data sets. Comparison with SVM and MPM demonstrates the advantages of our new model.     

浅析英法哥特建筑的发展

哥特式建筑于11世纪开始登上历史舞台,它在这个舞台上闪耀了8个世纪,也影响了整个欧洲乃至全世界的建筑风格。文章就英法两国哥特式建筑风格在不同历史背景下的发展和形成原因进行对比分析,并挖掘其历史成因和文化内涵。     

Incorporating fault debugging activities into software reliability models: a simulation approach

A large number of software reliability growth models have been proposed to analyse the reliability of a software application based on the failure data collected during the testing phase of the application. To ensure analytical tractability, most of these models are based on simplifying assumptions of instantaneous & perfect debugging. As a result, the estimates of the residual number of faults, failure rate, reliability, and optimal software release time obtained from these models tend to be optimistic. To obtain realistic estimates, it is desirable that the assumptions of instantaneous & perfect debugging be amended. In this paper we discuss the various policies according to which debugging may be conducted. We then describe a rate-based simulation framework to incorporate explicit debugging activities, which may be conducted according to the different debugging policies, into software reliability growth models. The simulation framework can also consider the possibility of imperfect debugging in conjunction with any of the debugging policies. Further, we also present a technique to compute the failure rate, and the reliability of the software, taking into consideration explicit debugging. An economic cost model to determine the optimal software release time in the presence of debugging activities is also described. We illustrate the potential of the simulation framework using two case studies.     

Enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution over In2S3 via decoration with GO and Fe2P co-catalysts

In this study, GO and Fe₂P were used as co-catalysts to improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs in an In₂S₃ photocatalyst. The metallic character of Fe₂P provided a cheap substitute for traditional noble metal co-catalyst for H₂ production in aqueous media. The GO/Fe₂P/In₂S₃ composite demonstrated significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to pure In₂S₃, delivering a H₂ production rate of 483.35 μmol h^?1 g^?1 and a quantum yield was 22.68% under visible light irradiation. The design of the photocatalyst was optimized using “Design Expert” software. The analysis showed that a GO loading of 1.18 wt%, a Fe loading of 5.36 wt%, and a calcination temperature of 180 °C were optimal.     

Antioxidant activity of cyanidins isolated from Ogapy (Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus) fruits in U937 macrophages

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously produced in aerobic organisms. Overproduction of ROS is known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and hypertension. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) play critical roles on the removal of excess ROS. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of cyanidins from ogapy (Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus, ADA) fruits against oxidative stress in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-pretreated U937 macrophages, and explored the plausibility of the therapeutic effect of cyanidins on atherosclerosis. As a result, H₂O₂ generation and lipid peroxidation induced by H₂O₂-pretreatment was decreased by the treatment of cyanidins in U937 macrophages. In addition, increased activity of SOD and CAT was shown in H₂O₂-pretreated cells when treated with cyanidins. Overall, the results obtained in this study showed that cyanidin 3-galactoside and cyanidin 3-lathyroside from ADA fruits could protect macrophages against the damaging effects of H₂O₂ treatment.     

既有居住建筑围护结构节能改造热工性能优化

既有建筑物窗墙比差异较大,在节能改造过程中窗墙比和窗的热工性能对保温层厚度的影响不可忽视。在《严寒和寒冷地区居住建筑节能设计标准》围护结构节能设计规定的基础上,提出围护结构等效传热系数限值,综合考虑朝向、窗墙比、窗户的类型等因素,建立了外墙保温层厚度计算模型和围护结构热工性能参数优化模型,并以徐州地区某既有住宅为例,验证了模型的可行性。     

阶段时间对CMICAO工艺低温运行特性的影响

研究了低温下多点交替进水阶式A2/O(CMICAO)工艺阶段运行时间对污染物去除率的影响,探讨了DO、ORP以及pH状态参数与污染物去除率之间的关系。结果表明,水温8~10 ℃,泥龄13 d,水力停留时间16 h,污泥浓度2 680~3 560 mg/L,污泥回流比30%,阶段1至6的运行时间为3、2.5、2、3、2.5、2 h时,工艺出水TN、氨氮、NO3--N和TP浓度的平均值分别为10.1、1.1、7.4和0.8 mg/L。硝化反应结束时,pH由下降转为上升,ORP上升趋于平缓,DO上升趋缓;反硝化结束时,ORP曲线明显跌落,pH由上升趋于平缓并略有下降;释磷结束后ORP曲线由下降趋于平缓。降低前好氧池DO浓度,有助于同步硝化反硝化作用的发生,从而提高脱氮效率,节省能耗。     

火灾后方钢管钢筋混凝土短柱承载力分析

在确定了ISO-834标准火灾作用后钢材和混凝土应力应变关系的基础上,首先利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立火灾作用后方钢管钢筋混凝土短柱温度场及力学分析模型,计算结果得到以往试验结果验证。然后分析了截面边长、配筋率、受火时间、含钢率、材料强度等参数对火灾作用后钢管钢筋混凝土短柱承载力的影响规律,结果表明,受火时间、截面边长是影响其承载力的主要因素。最后提出了火灾作用后方钢管钢筋混凝土短柱承载力的理论公式, 为其灾后修复和加固提供参考。