全文获取类型
收费全文 | 58031篇 |
免费 | 3400篇 |
国内免费 | 83篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 421篇 |
综合类 | 133篇 |
化学工业 | 12717篇 |
金属工艺 | 1092篇 |
机械仪表 | 1194篇 |
建筑科学 | 1744篇 |
矿业工程 | 135篇 |
能源动力 | 1315篇 |
轻工业 | 10239篇 |
水利工程 | 567篇 |
石油天然气 | 292篇 |
武器工业 | 7篇 |
无线电 | 2367篇 |
一般工业技术 | 9335篇 |
冶金工业 | 11617篇 |
原子能技术 | 248篇 |
自动化技术 | 8091篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 120篇 |
2023年 | 526篇 |
2022年 | 1027篇 |
2021年 | 1703篇 |
2020年 | 1248篇 |
2019年 | 1401篇 |
2018年 | 2235篇 |
2017年 | 2213篇 |
2016年 | 2340篇 |
2015年 | 1702篇 |
2014年 | 2222篇 |
2013年 | 4558篇 |
2012年 | 3541篇 |
2011年 | 3423篇 |
2010年 | 2777篇 |
2009年 | 2503篇 |
2008年 | 2405篇 |
2007年 | 2148篇 |
2006年 | 1589篇 |
2005年 | 1335篇 |
2004年 | 1189篇 |
2003年 | 1167篇 |
2002年 | 1009篇 |
2001年 | 793篇 |
2000年 | 716篇 |
1999年 | 777篇 |
1998年 | 3698篇 |
1997年 | 2453篇 |
1996年 | 1609篇 |
1995年 | 951篇 |
1994年 | 745篇 |
1993年 | 793篇 |
1992年 | 313篇 |
1991年 | 278篇 |
1990年 | 219篇 |
1989年 | 234篇 |
1988年 | 243篇 |
1987年 | 213篇 |
1986年 | 175篇 |
1985年 | 214篇 |
1984年 | 190篇 |
1983年 | 134篇 |
1982年 | 168篇 |
1981年 | 193篇 |
1980年 | 216篇 |
1979年 | 103篇 |
1978年 | 102篇 |
1977年 | 353篇 |
1976年 | 740篇 |
1973年 | 94篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
José A. de França Author Vitae Marcelo R. Stemmer Author Vitae 《Pattern recognition》2010,43(3):1180-1187
In recent years, the camera calibration using 1D patterns has been studied and improved by researchers all over the world. However, the progress in that area has been mainly in the sense of reducing the restrictions to the 1D pattern movement. On the other hand, the method's accuracy still demands improvements. In the present paper, the original technique proposed by Zhang is revisited and we demonstrate that the method's accuracy can be significantly improved, simply by analyzing and reformulating the problem. The numerical conditioning can be improved if a simple data normalization is performed. Furthermore, a non-linear solution based on the Partitioned Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is proposed. That solution takes advantage of the problem's particular structure to reduce the computational complexity of the original method and to improve the accuracy. Tests using both synthetic and real images demonstrate that the calibration method using 1D patterns can be applied in practice, with accuracy comparable to other already traditional methods. 相似文献
992.
In this paper we propose a new circularity measure which defines the degree to which a shape differs from a perfect circle. The new measure is easy to compute and, being area based, is robust—e.g., with respect to noise or narrow intrusions. Also, it satisfies the following desirable properties:
- •
- it ranges over (0,1] and gives the measured circularity equal to 1 if and only if the measured shape is a circle;
- •
- it is invariant with respect to translations, rotations and scaling.
993.
Adaptive optic (AO) systems are now routinely used in ground‐based telescopes to counter the effects of atmospheric turbulence. A deformable mirror (DM) generates a correction wavefront, which is subtracted from the turbulent wavefront using measurements of the residual phase provided by a wavefront sensor (WFS). Minimizing the variance of the residual phase defines a sampled data control problem combining a continuous time minimum‐variance (MV) performance criterion with a discrete‐time controller. For a fairly general class of linear time‐invariant DM and turbulence WFS models, this control problem can be transformed into an equivalent discrete‐time LQ optimization problem involving a set of (discrete‐time) control‐sufficient statistics of the incoming continuous‐time turbulence. This paper shows how to constructively solve this MV problem in the presence of DM's dynamics, starting from continuous‐time models of DM and turbulence. This result is extended to the case of asynchronous DM/WFS sampling. An illustrative application to optimal control of tip‐tilt turbulent modes for the European extremely large telescope in the presence of first‐order DM's dynamics is presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
994.
Automatic metro map layout using multicriteria optimization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stott J Rodgers P Martínez-Ovando JC Walker SG 《IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics》2011,17(1):101-114
This paper describes an automatic mechanism for drawing metro maps. We apply multicriteria optimization to find effective placement of stations with a good line layout and to label the map unambiguously. A number of metrics are defined, which are used in a weighted sum to find a fitness value for a layout of the map. A hill climbing optimizer is used to reduce the fitness value, and find improved map layouts. To avoid local minima, we apply clustering techniques to the map-the hill climber moves both stations and clusters when finding improved layouts. We show the method applied to a number of metro maps, and describe an empirical study that provides some quantitative evidence that automatically-drawn metro maps can help users to find routes more efficiently than either published maps or undistorted maps. Moreover, we have found that, in these cases, study subjects indicate a preference for automatically-drawn maps over the alternatives. 相似文献
995.
Ferreira N Lins L Fink D Kelling S Wood C Freire J Silva C 《IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics》2011,17(12):2374-2383
Birds are unrivaled windows into biotic processes at all levels and are proven indicators of ecological well-being. Understanding the determinants of species distributions and their dynamics is an important aspect of ecology and is critical for conservation and management. Through crowdsourcing, since 2002, the eBird project has been collecting bird observation records. These observations, together with local-scale environmental covariates such as climate, habitat, and vegetation phenology have been a valuable resource for a global community of educators, land managers, ornithologists, and conservation biologists. By associating environmental inputs with observed patterns of bird occurrence, predictive models have been developed that provide a statistical framework to harness available data for predicting species distributions and making inferences about species-habitat associations. Understanding these models, however, is challenging because they require scientists to quantify and compare multiscale spatialtemporal patterns. A large series of coordinated or sequential plots must be generated, individually programmed, and manually composed for analysis. This hampers the exploration and is a barrier to making the cross-species comparisons that are essential for coordinating conservation and extracting important ecological information. To address these limitations, as part of a collaboration among computer scientists, statisticians, biologists and ornithologists, we have developed BirdVis, an interactive visualization system that supports the analysis of spatio-temporal bird distribution models. BirdVis leverages visualization techniques and uses them in a novel way to better assist users in the exploration of interdependencies among model parameters. Furthermore, the system allows for comparative visualization through coordinated views, providing an intuitive interface to identify relevant correlations and patterns. We justify our design decisions and present case studies that show how BirdVis has helped scientists obtain new evidence for existing hypotheses, as well as formulate new hypotheses in their domain. 相似文献
996.
Javier Sánchez-Monedero Pedro A. Gutiérrez F. Fernández-Navarro C. Hervás-Martínez 《Neural Processing Letters》2011,34(2):101-116
Recently, a multi-objective Sensitivity–Accuracy based methodology has been proposed for building classifiers for multi-class problems. This technique is especially suitable for imbalanced and multi-class datasets. Moreover, the high computational cost of multi-objective approaches is well known so more efficient alternatives must be explored. This paper presents an efficient alternative to the Pareto based solution when considering both Minimum Sensitivity and Accuracy in multi-class classifiers. Alternatives are implemented by extending the Evolutionary Extreme Learning Machine algorithm for training artificial neural networks. Experiments were performed to select the best option after considering alternative proposals and related methods. Based on the experiments, this methodology is competitive in Accuracy, Minimum Sensitivity and efficiency. 相似文献
997.
Ruben Sevilla Sonia Fernández-Méndez Antonio Huerta 《Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering》2011,18(4):441-484
The development of NURBS-Enhanced Finite Element Method (NEFEM) is revisited. This technique allows a seamless integration
of the CAD boundary representation of the domain and the finite element method (FEM). The importance of the geometrical model
in finite element simulations is addressed and the benefits and potential of NEFEM are discussed and compared with respect
to other curved finite element techniques. 相似文献
998.
Tomás Sánchez López Damith Chinthana Ranasinghe Bela Patkai Duncan McFarlane 《Information Systems Frontiers》2011,13(2):281-300
Deployment of embedded technologies is increasingly being examined in industrial supply chains as a means for improving efficiency
through greater control over purchase orders, inventory and product related information. Central to this development has been
the advent of technologies such as bar codes, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems, and wireless sensors which when
attached to a product, form part of the product’s embedded systems infrastructure. The increasing integration of these technologies
dramatically contributes to the evolving notion of a “smart product”, a product which is capable of incorporating itself into
both physical and information environments. The future of this revolution in objects equipped with smart embedded technologies
is one in which objects can not only identify themselves, but can also sense and store their condition, communicate with other
objects and distributed infrastructures, and take decisions related to managing their life cycle. The object can essentially
“plug” itself into a compatible systems infrastructure owned by different partners in a supply chain. However, as in any development
process that will involve more than one end user, the establishment of a common foundation and understanding is essential
for interoperability, efficient communication among involved parties and for developing novel applications. In this paper,
we contribute to creating that common ground by providing a characterization to aid the specification and construction of
“smart objects” and their underlying technologies. Furthermore, our work provides an extensive set of examples and potential
applications of different categories of smart objects. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Antonio Fernández Anta José Luis López-Presa M. Araceli Lorenzo Pilar Manzano Juan Martinez-Romo Alberto Mozo Christopher Thraves 《Theory of Computing Systems》2011,48(1):1-22
In this paper we generalize the Continuous Adversarial Queuing Theory (CAQT) model (Blesa et al. in MFCS, Lecture Notes in
Computer Science, vol. 3618, pp. 144–155, 2005) by considering the possibility that the router clocks in the network are not synchronized. We name the new model Non Synchronized
CAQT (NSCAQT). Clearly, this new extension to the model only affects those scheduling policies that use some form of timing.
In a first approach we consider the case in which although not synchronized, all clocks run at the same speed, maintaining
constant differences. In this case we show that all universally stable policies in CAQT that use the injection time and the
remaining path to schedule packets remain universally stable. These policies include, for instance, Shortest in System (SIS)
and Longest in System (LIS). Then, we study the case in which clock differences can vary over time, but the maximum difference
is bounded. In this model we show the universal stability of two families of policies related to SIS and LIS respectively
(the priority of a packet in these policies depends on the arrival time and a function of the path traversed). The bounds
we obtain in this case depend on the maximum difference between clocks. This is a necessary requirement, since we also show
that LIS is not universally stable in systems without bounded clock difference. We then present a new policy that we call
Longest in Queues (LIQ), which gives priority to the packet that has been waiting the longest in edge queues. This policy
is universally stable and, if clocks maintain constant differences, the bounds we prove do not depend on them. To finish,
we provide with simulation results that compare the behavior of some of these policies in a network with stochastic injection
of packets. 相似文献