This work presents a novel approach to tackle the music staff removal. This task is devoted to removing the staff lines from an image of a music score while maintaining the symbol information. It represents a key step in the performance of most optical music recognition systems. In the literature, staff removal is usually solved by means of image processing procedures based on the intrinsics of music scores. However, we propose to model the problem as a supervised learning classification task. Surprisingly, although there is a strong background and a vast amount of research concerning machine learning, the classification approach has remained unexplored for this purpose. In this context, each foreground pixel is labelled as either staff or symbol. We use pairs of scores with and without staff lines to train classification algorithms. We test our proposal with several well-known classification techniques. Moreover, in our experiments no attempt of tuning the classification algorithms has been made, but the parameters were set to the default setting provided by the classification software libraries. The aim of this choice is to show that, even with this straightforward procedure, results are competitive with state-of-the-art algorithms. In addition, we also discuss several advantages of this approach for which conventional methods are not applicable such as its high adaptability to any type of music score. 相似文献
Three new guanylated cyclophosphazenes G1–G3 have been synthesized through the catalytic guanylation of three different bi, tetra and hexa (p-aminophenoxy)-cyclophosphazenes by using N,N’-diisopropylcarbodiimide as guanylating agent, ZnEt2 as catalyst and dry tetrahydrofuran as solvent. The resulting products have been characterized by 1H, 13C{1H} and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy. The hexaguanylated cyclophosphazenes exhibit a deep purple colour, unusual for this type of compounds. The electronic structure of these compounds was investigated by carrying out density functional calculations at PBE-D3(BJ)/TZP level of theory. The molecular structural analysis reveals that aromatic rings are stacked and time dependent density functional calculations show that a charge transfer electronic transition occurs between the aromatic rings which absorb light around 500–700 nm. Finally, the catalytic usefulness of guanylated cyclophosphazene compounds G1–G3 has been proven by the preparation of styrene carbonate from the reaction between styrene oxide and carbon dioxide.
Different amounts (50-170 php--parts per hundred parts of EVA, 33-63 wt%) of two tackifiers (hydrogenated rosin ester, polyterpene resin) were added to an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer containing 28 wt% vinyl acetate. The EVA and the tackifier were characterized using infrared (IR) spectroscopy, DSC measurements, and stress-controlled plate-plate rheology. The properties and compatibility of the EVA-tackifier mixtures were studied using DSC, DMTA, and stress-controlled plate-plate rheology. Immediate adhesion was measured as a quantification of tack, and the T-peel strength of roughened styrene-butadiene rubber/EVA-tackifier adhesive joints was also obtained. The increase in the amount of tackifier noticeably changed the crystallinity of polyethylene blocks in the EVA, and the temperature at the cross-over between the curves of the storage and loss moduli as a function of the temperature was displaced to a lower value. Whereas the hydrogenated rosin ester was compatible with the amorphous ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer regions of the EVA (Tg value increased) reducing its crystallinity, the polyterpene resin was compatible with the polyethylene blocks of the EVA (T g value was not modified), increasing its crystallinity. Immediate adhesion of the EVA-tackifier mixtures was improved by adding both hydrogenated rosin ester and polyterpene tackifiers. On the other hand, there was an optimum tackifier content at which the maximum T-peel strength value was obtained. 相似文献
Collaboration and interaction analysis allows for the characterization and study of the collaborative work performed by the users of a groupware system. The results of the analyzed processes allow problems in users’ collaborative work and shortcomings in the functionalities of the groupware system to be identified. Therefore, automating collaboration and interaction analysis enables users’ work to be assessed and groupware system support and behavior to be improved. This article proposes a concern-based architecture to be used by groupware developers as a guide to the integration of analysis subsystems into groupware systems. This architecture was followed to design the COLLECE groupware system, which supports collaborative programming practices and integrates an analysis subsystem that assesses different aspects of the work carried out by the programmers and adapts the functionality of the system under specific conditions. 相似文献
The Sulfolobus solfataricus, strain MT4, ß-glycosidase(Ssßgly) is a thermophilic member of glycohydrolasefamily 1. To identify active-site residues, glutamic acids 206and 387 have been changed to isosteric glutamine by site-directedmutagenesis. Mutant proteins have been purified to homogeneityusing the Schistosoma japonicum glutathione S-transferase (GST)fusion system. The proteolytic cleavage of the chimeric proteinwith thrombin was only obtainable after the introduction ofa molecular spacer between the GST and the Ssß-glydomains. The Glu387 Gin mutant showed no detectable activity,as expected for the residue acting as the nucleophile of thereaction. The Glu206 Gin mutant showed 10- and 60-fold reducedactivities on aryl-galacto and aryl-glucosides, respectively,when compared with the wild type. Moreover, a significant Kmdecrease with plo-nitrophenyl-ß-D-glucoside was observed.The residual activity of the Glu206 Gln mutant lost the typicalpH dependence shown by the wild type. These data suggest thatGlu206 acts as the general acid/base catalyst in the hydrolysisreaction. 相似文献
The use of proper nanocarriers for dermal and transdermal delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs recently gained several attentions in the scientific community because they pass intact and accumulate payloads in the deepest layers of skin tissue. Ascorbyl palmitate-based vesicles (aspasomes) can be considered a promising nanocarrier for dermal and transdermal delivery due to their skin whitening properties and suitable delivery of payloads through the skin. The aim of this study was the synthesis of multidrug Idebenone/naproxen co-loaded aspasomes for the development of an effective anti-inflammatory nanomedicine. Aspasomes had suitable physicochemical properties and were safe in vivo if topically applied on human healthy volunteers. Idebenone/naproxen co-loaded aspasomes demonstrated an increased therapeutic efficacy of payloads compared to the commercially available Naprosyn® gel, with a rapid decrease of chemical-induced erythema on human volunteers. These promising results strongly suggested a potential application of Idebenone/naproxen multidrug aspasomes for the development of an effective skin anti-inflammatory therapy. 相似文献