Small rectangular patch antenna

A novel folded rectangular patch antenna is designed and measured. Compared with a conventional patch antenna with the same surface area, the resonant frequency is reduced by 37%. The cross-polarisation level is ~-20 dB     

Anatomo-clinical correlation. A case of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis]

This report describes a case of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis affecting a young female patient who had benefited from a liver transplantation for a fulminant hepatic failure. Infections following liver transplantation can happen but in this case the short delay to the fatal outcome is unusual (6 days). Corticotherapy given prior to transplantation could have impaired the immune system. The authors discuss the infections due to Aspergillus species and particularly invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.     

Prospects for X-ray amplification with charge-displacementself-channeling

The authors develop an analytic theory of charge-displacement self-channeling, a mechanism that can dynamically trap a short intense pulse of light. Attention is focused on the case of most interest for X-ray amplification: the strongly saturated channel, for which all free electrons are expelled from the channel core and the channel walls are overdense. Some curious results are: (1) the intensity at the channel walls is independent of the total laser power, (2) the radius of the channel increases very slowly with laser power, asymptotically as the fourth root, and (3) the power in the channel wall is a constant. It is also found that the channel is an effective waveguide for all secondary radiation. Scaling studies show that there is a substantial advantage in using the highest-frequency driving laser available. The channel is ideal for generating coherent short-wavelength radiation, perhaps well into the X-ray range     

Binomial filters

Binomial filters are simple and efficient structures based on the binomial coefficients for implementing Gaussian filtering. They do not require multipliers and can therefore be implemented efficiently in programmable hardware. There are many possible variations of the basic binomial filter structure, and they provide a wide range of space-time trade-offs; a number of these designs have been captured in a parametrised form and their features are compared. This technique can be used for multi-dimensional filtering, provided that the filter is separable. The numerical performance of binomial filters, and their implementation using field-programmable devices for an image processing application, are also discussed.     

Physicochemical Properties of Carbonitrided 40Kh Steel

Materials Science - We present the results of investigations of the influence of hydrogen-free carbonitriding in glow discharge on the physicochemical characteristics of the hardened layer of 40Kh...     

Bilingual legal document retrieval and management using XML

In certain bilingual and multi‐lingual societies, translated legal documents are as important as the original legal documents because they have the same legal status as the originals. However, there is little reported work on the retrieval and management of bilingual legal documents. We describe the design and development of a bilingual document retrieval and management prototype, called ELDoS, which is used by court interpreters and judges from the Hong Kong Judiciary. Since the speed of retrieval is a major concern for user acceptance, and therefore for widespread deployment of the system, the architecture of the prototype is designed to balance the workload of the client and server. Extensible Markup Language (XML) is used to mark up the bilingual legal documents for a variety of document retrieval and management tasks. XML enables the use of XML Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT) to align bilingual data in the client, instead of the server, and improve alignment speed linearly with respect to the size of the document, using a high‐end PC, when the server has no concurrent access. The design of the interface was continually improved after extensive consultation with court interpreters and after the user acceptance tests. In our evaluation, the facilities for highlighting translated terms have a macro‐averaged precision of 90+% and a macro‐average recall of 80+%, which were considered acceptable by our users. We believe that the experience in the design and development of this prototype is applicable to other language pairs as well as to other domains. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.