MINORITIES AND WOMEN IN STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT: 1973–1980

The 1972 Equal Employment Opportunity Act extended federal prohibitions against discrimination in hiring, firing, promotion, compensation, and other conditions of employment to state and local governments. This research examines the increase in the number of women and minorities employed by state and local governments between 1973 and 1980. It also examines the increase in the salaries of minorities and women during the same period. The total number of minorities and women in state and local government increased by 20 percent during this period. Most of this increase resulted from the hiring of women, particularly white women. Although the salaries of minorities and women increased more than 50 percent, the salaries of white males increased similarly. The salary gap between white males and minorities and women was not decreased significantly.     

AN EVALUATION OF THE ALLEGHENY COUNTY NEIGHBORHOOD PRESERVATION PROGRAM

The Allegheny County Neighborhood Preservation Program has generated over five million dollars worth of housing rehabilitation in the three years in which it has been operating. This article is an evaluation of Phase 1 of the program. It compares loan recipients and non-recipients in order to determine which of the program components are the most important, which factors influence a household's investment decision, and what effect investment has on the perceptions of residents regarding the quality of both housing and the neighborhood.     

Modified Atmosphere Storage of Rockfish Flllets

A modified atmosphere (MA) of 80% CO₂ and 20% air was effective in extending shelf life of fresh rockfish fillets. Aerobic plate counts and trimethylamine levels were significantly lower (P < 0.1%) for the fillets held in MA compared to those held in air. A decline in surface pH was observed on fillets stored in MA, presumably due to the absorption of CO₂ and its hydration to carbonic acid. Oxidation-reduction potentials suggested a more aerobic environment on fillets stored in MA. There were no significant differences in weight loss between control and MA samples. Sensory evaluations indicated that fillets held under MA were of good quality for at least 13 days of storage.     

Structure and magnetic properties of Cu-Ni alloy nanoparticles prepared by rapid microwave combustion method

Cu-Ni alloy nanoparticles were prepared by a microwave combustion method with the molar ratios of Cu²⁺ to Ni²⁺ as 3:7, 4:6, 5:5, 6:4 and 7:3. The as-prepared samples were characterized by XRD, HR-SEM, EDX and VSM. XRD and EDX analyses suggest the formation of pure alloy powders. The average crystallite sizes were found to be in the range of 21.56–33.25 nm. HR-SEM images show the clustered/agglomerated particle-like morphology structure. VSM results reveal that for low Ni content (Cu₅Ni₅, Cu₆Ni₄ and Cu₇Ni₃), the system shows paramagnetic behaviors, whereas for high Ni content (Cu₃Ni₇ and Cu₄Ni₆), it becomes ferromagnetic.     

Anionic Conductivity in Halogen-Containing Lead Silicate Glasses

The existence of anionic conductivity in halogen-containing lead silicate glasses was proved by Tubandt tests and electron microprobe examinations. Direct-current volume resistivities, loss tangents, and dielectric constants are reported for analogous glasses containing F⁻, Cl⁻, Br⁻, and I⁻ and compared to those of the parent glass. The densities of the materials do not correlate with the dielectric-constant data.