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41.
Radial profiles of impurity ions of carbon, neon and iron were measured for high-temperature plasmas in large helical device (LHD) using a space-resolved extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrometer in the wavelength range of 60 to 400?. The radial positions of the impurity ions obtained are compared with the local ionization energies, Ei of these impurity ions and the electron temperatures TeZ there. The impurity ions with 0.3?Ei?1.0 keV are always located in outer region of plasma, i.e., 0.7?ρ?1.0, and those with Ei?0.3keV are located in the ergodic layer, i.e., 1.0?ρ?1.1, with a sharp peak edge., where ρ is the normalized radial position. It is newly found that TeZ is approximately equal to Ei for the impurity ions with Ei?0.3keV, whereas roughly half the value of Ei for the impurity ions with 0.3?Ei?1.0keV. It is known that TeZ is considerably lower than Ei in the plasma edge and approaches to Ei in the plasma core. Therefore, this result seems to originate from the difference in the transverse transport between the plasma edge at ρ?1.0 and the ergodic layer at ρ?1.0. The transverse transport is studied with an impurity transport simulation code. The result revealed that the difference appearing in the impurity radial positions can be qualitatively explained by the different values of diffusion coefficient, e.g., D=0.2 and 1.0m2/s, which can be taken as a typical index of the transverse transport. 相似文献
42.
Fatigue properties of rolled AZ31B magnesium alloy plate 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fatigue strength, crack initiation and propagation behavior of rolled AZ31B magnesium alloy plate were investigated. Axial tension-compression fatigue tests were carried out with cylindrical smooth specimens. Two types of specimens were machined with the loading axis parallel (L-specimen) and perpendicular (T-specimen) to rolling direction. Monotonic compressive 0.2% proof stress, tensile strength and tensile elongation were similar for both specimens. On the other hand, monotonic tensile 0.2% proof stress of the L-specimen was slightly higher than that of the T-specimen. Moreover, monotonic compressive 0.2% proof stresses were lower than tensile ones for both specimens. The fatigue strengths of 107 cycles of the L- and T-specimens were 95 and 85 MPa, respectively. Compared with the monotonic compressive 0.2% proof stresses, the fatigue strengths were higher for both specimens. In other words, the fatigue crack did not initiate and propagate even though deformation twins were formed in compressive stress under the cyclic tension-compression loading. The fatigue crack initiated at early stage of the fatigue life in low cycle regime regardless of specimen direction. The crack growth rate of the L-specimen was slightly lower than of the T-specimen. Consequently, the fatigue lives of the L-specimen were longer than those of the T-specimen in low cycle regime. 相似文献
43.
Two stochastic approximation procedures are proposed for finding a point attaining the maximum of a regression function defined and observable only at points on a set of discrete variables. The asymptotic convergence property of the procedures is discussed using the theorem of almost supermartingales. The procedures are applied to the recursive identification of autoregressive time series models. The identification procedure consists of a recursive order estimation stage and a recursive autoregressive parameter updating stage, and gives the true autoregressive model or the best autoregressive approximation model. 相似文献
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含裂隙岩体在外力作用下,内部裂纹会发生扩展,这会显著影响强度以及损伤特性。基于前期验证可靠的DIC系统,对含双裂纹的类岩石材料进行单轴压缩试验,捕获全过程的应变场演化云图以及岩桥区域应变局部化过程,研究发现:岩样呈现出显著的变形局部化渐进破坏特性;试验初期形成的应变局部化带基本确定了加载全程全局应变场的变化范围与变化趋势;基于试验研究,双裂纹岩样的贯通破坏模式可归总为4类:岩桥不贯通模式、裂纹内尖端贯通模式、裂纹内外尖端贯通模式以及裂纹外尖端贯通模式;岩桥角度及其空间排布在细观上影响了应变场局部化带的演化过程,宏观上决定了裂纹的扩展路径及岩样的破坏模式;岩桥贯通时应变局部化带的融合造成了应力–应变曲线的"峰前波动",使得岩样强度降低,并且融合越慢岩样强度越高。 相似文献
47.
Properties of hydrogels synthesized by freezing and thawing aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solutions and their applications 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
The hydrogel synthesized by freezing a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aqueous solution and thawing it slowly has high water content, excellent mechanical properties of high tensile strength, elongation and good shape recovery by elasticity. The PVA used had a degree of polymerization of 2500 and a degree of saponification of 99.5 mol%. The solution was obtained by dissolving 7.5 g of PVA in 80 g of water, this was frozen at –50°C for 3 h and then warmed up to room temperature over 10h. This freezing–thawing process was repeated once again and a hydrogel was synthesized. The hydrogel had a water content of about 90 wt%. Its tensile strength was 0.6 MPa and the elongation at break was 130%. The shape of the hydrogel which was deformed by an external force recovered in a short time when it was released from the force. This recovery had good persistence and repeatability. Applying these properties a strain sensor and a gas pressure sensor were tested. Furthermore, a PVA hydrogel rod containing polyacrylic acid was used as a bending actuator. This hydrogel had the ability to deform when direct current was applied. 相似文献
48.
BONG YEON LEE TAKAAKI MINAMI TAKESHI KANASHIMA MASANORI OKUYAMA 《Integrated ferroelectrics》2013,141(1):160-170
ABSTRACT A new type of ferroelectric gate field effect transistor (FET) using ferroelectric-insulator interface conduction has been proposed. Drain current flows along the interface between ferroelectric and insulator layers and needs no semiconductor. This FET consists of source and drain electrodes on ferroelectric film (Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3(PZT)) prepared on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrate, and gate electrode on HfO2 insulator film on the PZT film between the source and the drain electrodes. Drain current flows through the interface of the ferroelectric and the insulator. Drain current versus gate voltage characteristics shows clockwise hysteresis loop similarly to the conventional p-channel FET with ferroelectric gate. The FET shows that the On/Off ratio of the conduction current is about 105 and the Off state current is about 10? 10A. 相似文献
49.
K. TANAKA K. MORITA Y. AKINIWA 《Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures》2008,31(12):1079-1090
The resistance‐curve (R‐curve) method was applied to the prediction of the fatigue thresholds of notched components under in‐phase and out‐of‐phase combinations of cyclic torsion and axial loadings. The prediction was compared with the experimental data obtained from thin‐walled tubular specimen of medium‐carbon steel with a hole. The stress was completely reversed and the mean stress was zero. The crack was nucleated at the position of the maximum range of the circumferential stress on the periphery of a hole, and propagated almost straight for all cases examined. The experimental data of the thresholds for crack initiation and fracture agreed well with the predictions for in‐phase and for out‐of‐phase loadings with 45° phase difference. For out‐of‐phase loading with 90°, the threshold for fracture was close to the crack initiation limit, because of the reduction of crack closure due to crack face rubbing by mode II shear cycling. 相似文献